FIELD: methods and reactors for exothermic heterogeneous synthesis. SUBSTANCE: in the process of exothermic heterogeneous synthesis of ammonia in which synthesis gas is brought to state of reaction in several catalytic layers with axial-radial or only radial flow, the reacted gas is accumulated at the outlet of the last catalytic layer and supplied for cooling which is carried out by direct heat exchange in steam generator with production of steam. The perfected reactor has three catalytic layers with two concave lower parts; the first system of abrupt cooling with its distributing device located inside the first upper layer directly under non-perforated internal wall of above-mentioned layer; gas exchange device located in the center of at least one of two upper layers; steam generator (steam boiler) inside upper narrow passage part of shell and internal central pipe for supply to the upper part of the reacted gas accumulated in the third layer. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 10 cl, 1 dwg
