PROCESS OF BREAKING-DOWN MONOLITHIC OBJECTS INTO BLOCKS AND GEARS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION Russian patent published in 2004 - IPC

FIELD: mining industry, civil engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention can be employed to break down rocks while driving mine workings, taking apart brick and concrete structures and other monolithic objects and forming blocks of regular shape suitable for further use. Process of breaking-down monolithic objects includes drilling of rock hole or borehole, arrangement in it of hydraulic wedge-cutting apart device carrying wedge and moving apart dies and packer, switching on of pump, filling of cutting apart device with fluid under pressure through conduit tube, formation of crack, switching off of pump, recovery of cutting apart device, cutting of blocks by cracks directed radially and tangentially. First conduit tube is shut off and concentration of stresses in monolithic block is formed in specified direction under static pressure of fluid with the help of dies of hydraulic wedge-cutting apart device, conduit tube is open for expulsion of jet with formation of hydrodynamic hammer on wedge and cumulative jet across outlet of hydraulic wedge- cutting apart device. This jet and dynamic pressure of cutting apart forces form crack in monolithic object. To form radially directed cracks there are used hydraulic- wedge transformers of radially directed cracks with diaphragmatic expulsion of jet or with control valve expulsion of jet, to form tangentially directed cracks there are used hydraulic-wedge transformers of tangentially directed cracks with diaphragmatic expulsion of jet. In particular, hydraulic-wedge transformer of radially directed cracks with diaphragmatic expulsion of jet includes hydraulic wedge-cutting apart device with wedge, conduit tube to feed fluid and moving apart dies, packer, coupling, diaphragm mounted for shutting off of conduit tube and exhaust conduit in wedge jammed by threaded connection. Conduit tube has sharpened end mounted for interaction with diaphragm and for provision of hydraulic insulation. Diaphragm can be destroyed at moment when pressure reaches critical value to deliver hydrodynamic hammer on wedge. Wedge includes grooves connected to exhaust conduit which are arranged to form cumulative jet at outlet of cutting apart device and formation of dynamic pressure of fluid for development of crack. Cutting apart device includes rubber tube and split springy rings for compression of dies into initial position when feed of fluid under pressure is stopped. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of process breaking down monolithic objects thanks to substantial reduction of number of cracks and breaking by spalling. 4 cl, 7 dwg