FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: method comprises draining the array of soil with closed drainage. An array of soils, scheduled to drainage, is ameliorated in the system of complex reclamation of agrolandscape with separate independent arrays - operating sites that are part of field of crop rotation. The boundaries of operating sites are set based on their maximum allowable inhomogeneity in area on water and thermal regimes and soil fertility: at least 90% of each of the operating sites is arranged on the soil of the same type of water nutrition, the same soil gleying degree, the same level of fertility, and the soil on each of the operating sites in their granulometric texture with not less than 90% of the area belongs to the same class on classification of NA Kachinsky, and not more than 10% of the operating site area on the edges occupies the area related to the neighbouring class of soil lighter in granulometric texture, on binary drift with its average power of not greater than 0.7 m the difference in thickness of the upper water-permeable layer of the drift, over the area of the operating site is allowed as no more than 0.2 m and 0.3 m - with an average thickness of the upper layer of 0.7-1.0 m. On the boundaries of operating sites the drainage of surface waters is arranged. Uniformity of drying the soil of the operating site by area is provided by differentiating the parameters of drainage and melioration activities on its area, taking into account the granulometric texture of the soil above the drain line, the structure of the soil profile, the change in the filtration coefficient with depth and the depth of the confining layer, the degree of soil gleying, its powderiness, the degree of cultivation of the soil, the type of water nutrition, drainage of surface water conditions, the slope of the soil surface and the orientation of the slope, the planned use of drained lands, the geographic location of the drainage array, and the conditions of works, ensuring quality laying of drainage with mechanised method. By applying a differentiated system of cultivation of soil, including the primary one, uniformity of soil fertility is provided after drying in area of the operating site, allowing the difference in size of the operating site in the capacity of the plough layer of no more than 2-3 cm, in gross humus content - 0.5%, the pH value for acidic soils - a unit and weakly acidic - 0.5, on the total content of phosphorus and potassium - 1.0%, nitrogen - 0.1%, and by the content of mobile nutrient elements in form admissible for plants - not more than 5-7% (relative).
EFFECT: provision of simultaneous and during the optimal period of soil maturation in the spring on the whole drained area of each operating site, constituting a field of crop rotation, and homogeneous water, nutrient and thermal regimes of the soil during the growing period, the use of the same agricultural equipment in the whole area and simultaneous crop ripening that enables to implement precision farming at each operating site and to increase the productivity and ecological-economical effectiveness of the drained lands.
5 cl, 2 tbl
