COMPOSITION OF EXPLOSIVE BASED ON FUEL MIXTURE EMULSION AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD Russian patent published in 2021 - IPC C06B31/28 C06B45/32 C06B47/14 

FIELD: mining; construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to industrial explosives; it can be used for the manufacture of granular and water-filled explosives at mobile stationary preparation points and at places of use in conducting blasting operations in the mining industry and construction. An explosive composition contains ammonium nitrate and hydrocarbon fuel. Granular and crushed ammonium nitrate is pre-mixed with a direct water-hydrocarbon porizing emulsion of a fuel mixture at the following component content, wt. %: fuel mixture emulsion - 3.0; hydrocarbon fuel - from 1.0 to 7.0; ammonium nitrate - the rest. Smooth or porous granular ammonium nitrate and/or a mixture thereof can be used. As hydrocarbon fuel, the explosive composition contains used oil and a mixture of diesel fuel and kerosene in total in a ratio from 1/5 to 10/1. As hydrocarbon fuel, industrial and/or waste oil can be used. The emulsion additionally contains, in a percent ratio of the weight of a liquid phase, combustible powdered energy additives, namely: rubber crumbs in the amount from 10.0 wt. % to 45.0 wt. %, aluminum powder in the amount from 10 wt. % to 55 wt. %, coal powder and/or a mixture of carbon black and micro- and nano-disperse soot obtained as a result of pyrolysis of rubber products in equal proportions in the amount from 1.6 wt. % to 5.0 wt. %. The fuel mixture emulsion contains an emulsifier based on tertiary amines in the amount of 2.0 wt. %, water in the amount from 10.0 wt. % to 15.5 wt. % and ammonium nitrate dissolved in it in the amount of 49.5 wt. % of the weight of water. As an emulsifier, the emulsion contains a mixture of surfactants consisting of alkyldimethylaminoxide (R=C12-C18) and alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (R=C12-C14), taken in the ratio range from 1/4 wt. % to 5/2 wt. %, in the amount from 1.5 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % of the weight of the aqueous phase; or a mixture of surfactants consisting of alkyldimethylaminoxide (R=C12-C18) and sorbitan monooleate SPAN 80 (C60H114O8) in a ratio from 1/10 to 10/1 in the amount from 1.0 wt. % to 6.0 wt. % of the weight of the aqueous phase; or a mixture of surfactants consisting of alkyldimethylaminoxide (R=C12-C18) and alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (R=C12-C14) and sorbitan monooleate SPAN 80 (C60H114O8), taken in a ratio from 1/10 to 10/1, in the amount from 1.0 wt. % to 6.0 wt. % of the weight of the aqueous phase. The composition may contain from 0.15 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % of polymer spheres of the weight of the liquid phase of the explosive composition. The composition contains pyrolysis oil in the fuel mixture emulsion as hydrocarbon fuel and an additive that reduces the detonation rate in the amount from 10 wt. % to 90 wt. % of the weight of the liquid phase of the explosive composition. Additionally, the composition contains NaCl or technical KCl salt as a flame suppressor in the amount from 3.5 wt. % to 21 wt. % of the total weight of the explosive composition. The waterproof explosive composition, in addition to the reverse emulsion of ammonium nitrate in hydrocarbon fuel, sensitized with polymer microspheres from 40 to 90 microns with a true density of 25 kg/m³, additionally contains an explosive composition containing the above-mentioned components, and also additionally contains silicon, and/or calcium, and/or silicocalcium SC-25, and/or ferroselitium, and/or molybdenum powder, and/or aluminum alloy with zinc as part of the emulsion/suspension of the fuel mixture in the amount from 0.5 wt. % to 6 wt. % of the weight of the explosive composition. To obtain a waterproof explosive composition, the above-described composition is mixed with a reverse emulsion of a solution of ammonium nitrate in hydrocarbons after cooling to a temperature of 55-35°C. The preparation of the fuel mixture emulsion is carried out in four stages. At the first stage, the viscosity of the fuel emulsion is reduced by mechanical mixing with diesel fuel and heating to a temperature not exceeding 15°C and purification of waste oil by precipitation of heavy polluting fractions of metal and sand. At the second stage, a coarse emulsion of the fuel mixture is produced by mechanical mixing at a temperature not exceeding 25°C in a reactor, along walls of which a heating element in the form of a coil with heating liquid is fixed, on which blades are attached, dissecting and dispersing the mixed flow of waste oil diluted with diesel fuel, the aqueous phase, liquid sensitizing energy additives and a mixture of solid energy additives containing carbon and micro- and nano-disperse soot. At the third stage, the fuel mixture emulsion is dispersed in a closed loop without heating a tank using a rotary pulsation mill and, if necessary, obtaining highly dispersed emulsions, an ultrasonic flow-type dispersant and ensuring the maintenance of a positive temperature due to processes of friction and collision of liquid and solid components in the rotary pulsation mill. At the fourth stage, under a layer of the fuel mixture emulsion, kerosene and liquid volatile fuel components with a low evaporation and flash temperature, as well as powdered sensitizing additives, aluminum and glass or polymer spheres that do not allow their grinding and heating under safety conditions, are added with simultaneous mixing in the tank with finished products.

EFFECT: required bulk density and the ratio of oxidizer/fuel of explosive composition is provided.

17 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl