FIELD: rocketry and space engineering; injection of spacecraft into orbit and return of it to planet.
SUBSTANCE: proposed manned spacecraft has engine compartment and descent vehicle mounted on it. Pressurized cabin with rigidly secured cosmonaut seats is located inside vehicle; windows and coupling unit are arranged on its bottom part; coupling unit is mounted coaxially relative to engine compartment and carrier. Descent vehicle is not coaxial relative to carrier; it is turned through angle equal to minimum magnitude of sum of balancing angle of attack in descent leg and arc tangent of aerodynamic efficiency in the same leg. Such construction ensures direction of action of g-load on the crew in all legs of flights without mechanisms of turning and locking of seats. Coupling unit is shifted to area of bottom part of vehicle which is heat-stressed at lesser degree; windows ensure ease in landing operations.
EFFECT: reduced volume and mass of spacecraft; simplified construction of spacecraft.
4 dwg
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