METHOD OF DETERMINING ABSOLUTE ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF RAIN AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION Russian patent published in 2014 - IPC G01W1/14 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to assess the quality of irrigation and for evaluation of irrigation equipment operation. Essence: on the plot of irrigation the photoelectric sensor of the control system is mounted. Near the photoelectric sensor on the plot of irrigation the rain gauge is mounted with a given reception area, an order of magnitude larger than the reception area of the photoelectric sensor. The irrigation equipment is activated, specifying preliminary the hydraulic parameters (pressure, flow) defining the characteristics of rain. The control system is activated and simultaneously the diameter and velocity of each droplet and the initial volume of water in the rain gauge is measured. The number of droplets is monitored and recorded within the specified limits. After recording of the predetermined amount of droplets or according to the given time the registration of droplets is terminated. The final recorded (collected) volume of rainwater in the rain gauge is measured, and the amount of water collecting in the rain gauge for a certain period of time is determined. Using the computer pulse analyser considering the proportion of water the relative characteristics of rain are initially calculated: the average volume of droplet, the average energy of droplet, the averaged pulse of the number of droplets movement. Then, using the volume of water in the rain gauge, where there is much more captured and there is no miscalculation (culling) of the collected droplets, the total number of droplets in the rain gauge is calculated. Then using this the number of droplets the absolute energy characteristics of rain are determined: the total energy of droplets, power of rain and the energy characteristic (indicator) proposed again to assess the quality of irrigation - the energy density of the rain flow (the intensity of energy impact of rain on soil), the amount of motion (pulse) of rain droplets collected in the rain gauge, the rain dynamic pressure. The control system of absolute energy characteristics of rain comprises single beam photoelectric sensor-droplet-metre (1) with an amplifier (2), mounted on the plot of irrigation. The sensor-droplet-metre (1) through the amplifier (2) is connected to the unit (3) of measurement of the signal amplitude (droplet size) and the unit (4) of measurement of time (pulse duration). Each of the outputs of the units (3, 4) of measurement of the signal amplitude and measurement of time is connected in series with the corresponding counter (33, 34), the coincidence circuit (35, 36) and computer (14) of the pulse analyser (8). Also the system comprises the unit (5) of signal extraction, the unit (7) of rejection of false (distorted) signals having an output of resolution of the droplets registration, the control unit (6). The control unit (6) comprises a trigger (25) of control to start and stop the system, and the monostable trigger (26), the assembly (27), two monostable triggers (28, 29), the coincidence circuit (30) connected in series with its output. The control unit (6) additionally comprises the assembly (32) (OR circuit) and the unit (31) of setting and comparison. The first input of the unit (31) of setting and comparison is connected with the resolution output of the unit (7) of rejection of false signals, the second input - with the output of the start of trigger (25) of control, the third and fourth inputs - with the setpoint units of the desired amount of registration of droplets and time of water collecting in the rain gauge. The output of the unit (31) of setting and comparison is connected to the input of assembly (32). The second input of the assembly (32) is connected to the device "Stop", and the output - with the input of the stop (Stop) of the trigger (25) of control. The second input of the trigger (25) of control is connected to the start. Moreover, the system comprises the sensor-rain gauge (9) with inverter (10) of frequency and a unit (11) of measuring the volume of water in the rain gauge. The unit of measuring the volume of water in the rain gauge (11) comprises the first (15) and second (16) coincidence circuits (AND circuits) which inputs are connected to the output of inverter (10) of frequency of the rain gauge. The outputs of the said (15, 16) coincidence circuits are connected in the analyser (8) to the inputs of two additional counters (17, 18) of frequency measurement. The outputs of the additional counters (17, 18) of frequency measurement through the additional (19, 20) coincidence circuits are connected to the inputs of two inverters (21, 22) of frequency in the water volume. The outputs of the inverters of frequency (21, 22) in the water volume are connected to the unit (23) of comparison (subtraction) the volumes of water in the rain gauge at the end and the beginning of the collection of rain (carrying out the experiment). The output of the unit (23) of comparison (subtraction) of the volumes of water is connected to the input of the computer (24), where the characteristics of rain are calculated. At that the second input of the first (15) coincidence circuit and simultaneously the input of assembly (13) (AND circuit) are connected to the output of the start of the trigger (25) of control. The output of circuit of assembly (13) is connected to the input of the monostable trigger (14) and the output of the monostable trigger (14) - to the third inputs of the first (15) and second (16) coincidence circuits. The second output of the stop (stop) of the trigger (25) of the control unit (6) through the inverter (12) is connected to the second input of the second (16) coincidence circuit and simultaneously through the second monostable trigger (37) with inputs of control of additional (19,20) coincidence circuits of the analyser (8).

EFFECT: improving the accuracy of determination of absolute energy characteristics of rain.

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