METHOD FOR CREATING PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTATIONS TO PREVENT SNOWDRIFTS OF TRANSPORT ROUTES Russian patent published in 2018 - IPC A01G23/00 

FIELD: vehicles; security means.

SUBSTANCE: method for creating protective forest plantations to prevent snowdrifts of transport routes comprises soil preparation, site tracing, planting belts of tree and shrub species and care for them. According to the data of long-term meteorological observations, the maximum snowfall, direction and maximum speed of prevailing winds in a snow drifting time are being determined, azimuth of the section of the transport way and, accordingly, the azimuth of the easement area of the zone for protective forest plantation, are being identified, width of the easement areas from each side of the transport path is being determined according to the formula: B = A + S, where A is the distance from the plantation to the edge of the roadbed, depending on the size of snow fall G, determined by the formula: A = 0.28G + 17; S is the width of the plantation defined by the formula S = 0.1G + 3, seedlings in the easement areas are planted by belts consisting of rows of tree and shrubby species, and by a shrub belt, oriented along the azimuth of the easement area, which is placed on the area allocated for planting in the form of aerodynamic diffusers, formed by gaps in the belts and changing the height of tree species. Shrub belt is made of low shrubs without gaps and is located on the side of the roadbed, and the tree belts are performed with gaps. Linear dimension of these gaps increases in the direction of the transport path to a linear dimension, which ensures the necessary decrease in wind speed, and in the tree belt, located nearer to the edge of the roadbed, the tree species are planted in the order of moving off, first, low-growing species with a low shrub in the row, and then in the next row, consisting only of tree species, medium-growing species are planted with a displacement of 1/2 of plant spacing, in the tree belt far from the edge of the roadbed, medium-growing species are planted in the order of moving off from the edge, first the medium-growing tree species with a low shrub in the row, and the tall-growing species – in the next row, with a displacement of 1/2 of plant spacing, as a result, the plantation as a whole forms a spatial aerodynamic diffuser. Diffuser axis is oriented along the azimuth of the prevailing wind, parallel to the entrance gap and opposite it, along the azimuth of the easement area and at a distance determined by the formula: P/2 + D, where P, m is the distance between belts of tree species; D, m – the width of the row spacing of the tree belt, tree belt is being planted from medium-growing species of width equal to the width of the entrance gap with a low shrub in the row, located closer to the edge of the roadbed, the width of the entrance gap (Eux) is determined by the formula: E_en = 5 + d_k, where d_k, m – the maximum diameter of the crown of the tree species, planted in the belt, in which an entrance gap is being created.

EFFECT: due to the reduction in wind speed and formation of zones with reduced pressure by means of a tree belt-deflector, the transfer of snow particles at low and medium snowstorms ceases, and the amount of the brought snow is deposited on the forest plantation area.

1 cl, 1 dwg