METHOD FOR RECULTIVATION OF OPEN-PIT WORKINGS Russian patent published in 2018 - IPC E21C41/32 A01B79/02 

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry. Method comprises separate storage of a fertile layer and overburden rocks during development of minerals, laying of the mined-out space after mining, compaction and planning of the surface depending on the selected recultivation direction, applying a fertile soil layer and restoring the vegetation cover. Mined-out space is laid by steps: at the first stage, the laying of the mined-out space to the level of restoration of the initial hydrological regimes of underground aquifers is carried out by overburden rocks which do not represent a potential environmental hazard for groundwater pollution, forming an aquifer layer separated from the filled space by a 0.8–1.0 m clay waterproofing layer and/or a cast hardening pad prepared from waste from household and industrial wastes with a capacity of 0.20–0.30 m which ensure water resistance of the layers during vertical drainage of water, at the second stage, the remaining mined-out space is filled to the level of cooling of the recultivated area with solid household or industrial wastes of IV-V hazard class, ensuring their disposal, which are leveled, compacted and separated by a 0.8–1.0 m clay waterproofing layer, at the third stage, slopes are damped by the area of open mining taking into account the angle of the given slope and the cost of planning the recultivated area, and then a 0.5–0.7 m waterproofing clay layer is applied, at the fourth stage, depending on the type of selected plants and the depth of their root system, a layer and/or sewage sludge, bottom silt, 0.1–0.2 m livestock wastes is applied to the recultivated area, layer of crushed boiler slag from the pieces of size of 0–10 mm, or fly ash of a TPP of 0.10–0.20 m, or mixed materials at a ratio of 1:1–1:2, depending on the type of vegetation with laying in one layer with a thickness of 0.2–0.6 m, which serves to improve air and moisture permeability, as well as soil structuring during plowing and harrowing, at the fifth stage, a fertile layer of 0.15–0.2 m or a potentially fertile soil layer of 0.3–0.5 m is applied to the recultivated area, into which, to improve fertility, a briquetted fertilizer from wastewater residues with a consumption of 100–180 g/m² is introduced, at the sixth stage, grasses, trees and shrubs, selected depending on the direction of land recultivation are planted.

EFFECT: technical result is the disposal of household and industrial wastes of IV-V hazard classes, accelerated biological stage of recultivation of disturbed lands by creating under the fertile layer a layer of extra nutrition of the root systems of plants and herbs and restoring the initial hydraulic regimes of the disturbed area.

1 cl, 4 dwg