FIELD: chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemical reactors. A reactor for exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions is described, containing an axial row of catalyst layers, including at least the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer interacting sequentially with an axial flow, wherein catalyst layers are stacked one relatively to the other in the axial direction of the reactor, at least one heat exchanger located to the side of the row of catalyst layers and made with the possibility of cooling or heating by indirect heat exchange with a heating or cooling medium of the specified flow coming out of the first catalyst layer before it enters the second catalyst layer. In this case, the first catalyst layer is equipped with a lower collector having a box-shaped structure including the first wall and the second wall passing parallel to each other at a distance from each other, and parallel channels formed between these two walls, wherein the first wall faces the flow coming out of the first catalyst layer, the second wall communicates with an inlet part for gas of the second catalyst layer, both the first and the second walls are permeable to gas on at least part of their surface, parallel channels include the first channels directly communicating with the first wall, so that to collect a gas flow coming out of the first catalyst layer and passing through the first wall, and the second channels directly communicating with the second wall, so that to distribute the gas flow in the second catalyst layer through the second wall. The specified at least one heat exchanger is an indirect heat exchanger containing the first side, through which the gas flow passes, coming out of the first catalyst layer, and the second side, through which heat exchange fluid passes, wherein the first side is provided with an inlet communicating with the first channels of the lower collector, and an outlet communicating with the second channels of the lower collector, so that to heat or cool the gas flow collected by the first channels, and supply it, after heating or cooling, into the second channels.
EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of heat exchange.
15 cl, 10 dwg, 3 ex
