FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of land biomelioration. The method includes surveys containing the use of a geoinformation system, the obtained boundaries and types of degradation on soil spots when using a laser scanning system: a lidar with geographical reference and the use of sonar for geophysical non-excavating determination of the depth of transitions of soil horizons, the development and transmission to the control processor of programs for switching on and off the supply of technological material to the working bodies of the combined unit. Targeted land treatment is carried out with the introduction of an aqueous solution of nitrogen–fixing strains of associated microorganisms: “Mizorin”, or with a growth accelerator: “Lentechnin”, with ordinary pneumatic sowing of high-stemmed plants and between the rows, surface sowing of a grass mixture of seeds with their embedding, the introduction of CaCO3 ameliorant or mineral NPK fertilizers into the soil. From the berm and trench, the soil is clamped and a drainage trench with tiered shelves and a gap at the bottom of the trench is laid, a flexible perforated drainage pipe is laid on the shelf of the trench bottom, followed by filling with loose soil and covering with a layer of soil from the clamp. On the pilot strip, stones are extracted and divided into fractions for crushing, rolling and disposal to the bottom of the gap. Stones and boulders are stumped out with loading into the accumulator, tree roots are cut and stumps are removed, tree greens are picked up and crushed. On the adjacent strip, simultaneously with the processing of the pilot strip, shrubby growth is removed, tree tops and branches are cut off, shrub trunks are cut into segments with their subsequent grinding, trunks of large shrubs, small forests and forests are cleaned with the movement of the finished assortment into the accumulator of the combined unit, stumps are crushed, chips, sawdust, leaves and needles are fed to the pneumatic jet separator with a locking device and directed to the nozzles of insertion into the track of the support-running system or through the pneumatic product pipeline into the drainage trench through the hopper of the drainer, and they are placed in a gap at the bottom of the trench, the soil is leveled and rolled over the filled trench and pre-sowing treatment of the pilot strip is carried out. The combined biomelioration unit includes a self-propelled basic chassis with a three-section frame with two traction wheel pairs mounted on each section of the frame with reinforced rubber-metal tracks with a triangular wheel outline and a frame with paired wheels and a flange on the outside of the bracket fixing connected to the trunnion of the telescopic shaft of the torsion gear, as well as containing on the first section of the frame: a transversely movable cabin of the combined unit with a computer controlling a processor with a code GPS or GLONASS receiver of coordinates and a remote control for automatic switching on and off of the drive of working bodies. On the first section there is a front manipulator with a swing boom and tillage machines for loosening the pilot processing strip in front of the unit with cutting the roots of shrubs and trees, excavating stones. On the front part of the frame of the first section of the unit, there is a mulcher with a thrower of crushed wood pulp in a bell-shaped trapezoidal slot tapering to the ejector receiver on a parabolic blade with an ejector and a product line fixed on the rear side with a pneumatic jet separator, a locking device and the wood mass is directed into the track or the accumulator of the drainer. Under the frame of the first section, the rotary mechanisms contain a roller extractor in a casing with a blade at an angle variable in the horizontal plane to the direction of movement and the side of the unit. With a blade with an overlap of the grippers, stones are separated into a gravel-crushed stone fraction passed under the blade, and a large crushed stone fraction, which is moved into a roll to an adjacent strip for selection by a screw-thrower and through a pneumatic pipe it is fed into an accumulator with laying in a drainage slot. Between the beams of the swing manipulator there is an accumulator of stones, stumps with a vertical lift in the transverse plane and rotary unloading supports beyond the dimensions of the accumulated materials unit. Behind this accumulator on transverse guides there is a full-turn manipulator with a telescopic boom and two handles with a rotary disc saw working body and a double-jawed bucket. An internal combustion engine is installed in front of the cab, connected by a transmission with disc-cutting equipment, with a product pipeline, a pneumatic jet separator with a locking device. The wood pulp is sent to the reserve tank or the hopper of the drain layer. On the second section of the frame, a front manipulator is installed, which is movably connected to a vertical four-section hollow knife, a five-section hopper with a width of the side walls less than the width of the walls of the vertical hollow knife, a compressor, a gas jet supply pipeline into the first cavity of the vertical sectional knife of the drain layer. Wedge-shaped horizontal knives, a vertical separator of the clipped layer and two curved blades are fixed on four parabolic racks, tiered on a hollow knife. Behind the compressor there is a coil with a flexible perforated drainage pipe, directed to the second section of the vertical hollow knife with laying through the third section of the hopper of the drain layer on the shelf of the bottom of the drainage trench. On the side of the second section of the frame there is a screw-thrower feeding a fraction of stones to the blade of the thrower, moving them through the ejector and the product pipeline to the second section of the hopper of the drain layer. An internal combustion engine is installed behind the front manipulator, connected by a transmission with disc-cutting equipment, with an ejector, a locking device and a product pipeline for feeding wood pulp into the fourth section of the hollow vertical knife of the drain layer with laying on the bottom of the slot. A full-turn manipulator with a telescopic boom, two handles with a harvester head and a double-jawed bucket is installed on the second section of the frame. The frame of the second section contains a concave horizontal backfill mould of a drainage trench with a gripping width equal to the sum of the widths of two berms and a drainage trench, with soil laid on the berm of the trench, and behind it a mould returning soil to the berm and the filled trench, with nozzles on the back of the mould connected by pipes for the targeted release of ameliorants or fertilizers from two-section tanks of process material with dispensers, locking device, pump, pneumatic ejectors along the pipes, it also contains one engine of the base chassis or three for separate power supply to the hydraulic drive of the support-traction undercarriage system, manipulators, working bodies, dispensers, throwers, a pump connected by a branch pipe with an ejector connected by a product pipeline with a two-section container of a mixture of seeds. Behind the mould moving the soil, a water-filling sealing roller is contained on an installation movable bracket. On the frame of the third section there are accumulators of cleaned trunks of the timber assortment, a pneumatic seeder and a rolling device.
EFFECT: inventions shorten the terms of cultivating the soils of degraded lands, loosening the soil and saturating it with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to ensure an increase in the productivity of agricultural land.
4 cl, 8 dwg, 1 ex
