METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF SURFACE FLOW OF MELTWATER IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN CATCHMENT BASINS OF THE VOLGA AND THE DON Russian patent published in 2023 - IPC G01N33/24 A01B13/16 

FIELD: agriculture; hydrology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, hydrology; it can be used in other economy sectors in the development of measures for regulation of a surface flow and protection of soils from erosion, for optimization of flood water pass on girder and river catchments, in determination of measures for rational use of water resources of rivers and local flow by different consumers. The purpose of the invention is an increase in the accuracy of prediction of a surface flow of meltwater in agricultural landscapes in catchment basins of the Volga and the Don. It is known that frozen soil is capable of absorbing and retaining meltwater, amount of which may be potentially equal to a volume of free pores of a layer melted from above, that is free porosity provides a volume of absorption of meltwater in the soil. It is experimentally found out that the soil for the entire snowmelt period in different natural zones and by years can melt for the entire period of flood for a small depth from 3 to 30 cm. Thus, water absorption in frozen soil is determined by the uppermost layer. It means that amount of absorbed meltwater can be maximally equal to a volume of free pores of this soil layer of small power. The method includes measurement of a soil freezing depth, determination of water resources in snow and soil, specific and volumetric soil weight only in a layer of 0-30 cm. Flow is predicted by the ratio of these indicators by an equation. At the same time, if the soil is melted or its freezing depth is less than 0.5 m, and/or water resources in the soil layer of 0-30 cm are less than or equal to 70-120 mm by natural zones, and water resources in snow are less than free porosity of the soil, it is predicted that the flow will be absent.

EFFECT: invention allows for an increase in the accuracy of prediction of a surface flow of meltwater in agricultural landscapes of different catchment basins with existing certain levels of natural factors of flow formation.

1 cl, 1 dwg