FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: combined unit for radical improvement of unused agricultural lands with discrete application of ameliorants and soil loosening consists of a base chassis (1) with a two-section frame (2, 3), twin wheels (5) on each section (2, 3) and a traction force of 90 kN and a combined device (6) containing a semi-trailer (7) with an installed tank (8) at an obtuse angle along the longitudinal axis to the direction of travel. The frame of the semi-trailer (7) contains a controlled unit (9) of a two-axle wheel running system (10) with low-pressure tires (11). Between the base chassis (1) and the undercarriage (10) of the semi-trailer (7), a bottomless bucket (12) with a shutter (13) is movably fixed by a screen over the working bodies (15) rigidly connected to the side walls and the front wall of the bucket (12), which is connected to the ski support element fixed on the side walls and determining the position of the bucket (12) above the soil. Above the support element there is a flat knife with a cutting angle of 5 to 12°. Slot cutters (20) are placed on the front faces of the side walls, creating longitudinal slot channels in the soil, including built-in measuring units (21) with measuring sensors (22) made in tiers with a shift towards the shutter (13) of the bucket (12). A water pump drive hydraulic motor is fixed on the ski, connected by a branch pipe through a locking device with a water tank fixed on the side walls of the bucket (12). From the pump, the pipeline is connected to a transverse hollow beam containing water outlets with sprinkler nozzles to create a thin water screen over the hinged operating bodies (15) in the bucket (12) and nozzles for introducing pulverized CaCO3 ameliorant. The block of operating bodies (15) comprises racks of the flat cutter connected to the ends of the pointed flat knife. A bracket (34) is fixed at the top of the end of the rack, rigidly connected to the hollow post of the milling cutter, including the chain drive of the milling machine in the cavity of one rack, consisting of a disco-beater unit. The unit for stepless adjustment of the depth of the milling cutter includes hydraulic cylinders connected to the racks of the flat cutter, fixed on the side walls of the bucket (12), and a system including a measuring unit (21), a measurement control unit (39), combined with a unit for collecting, analysing and converting measurement information, an on-board computer (40) with a control processor (41) for automatic switching on and off of the operating bodies (15), an electronic unit (42) for automatic dosing and receipt of ameliorant from the tank (8), a GLONAS code receiver (43) of a geopositioning system (44) for recording measurement information and mapping of the area with comparison with the discrete norms of the ameliorant and acidity values as given in the project based on the surveys and preliminary mapping contained in the on-board computer (40) processor. The equipment for automatic determination of the thickness of the soil layer comprises sensors (22) embedded in the measuring unit (21) and placed in through holes: optical sensors for intrasoil visible near infrared reflection spectroscopy, including a light source, a sapphire window for illuminating the soil and transmitting reflection from it light, a fibre-optic cable for receiving light reflected from the soil and directing it to the spectrophotometer of the unit for collecting, analysing and converting measurement information with output to the control processor (41), containing the position control unit of the operating body (15) with automatic installation of a flat-cutting knife in boundary layer of soil and soil; below the optical sensors, horizontal penetration resistance sensors are installed with segment pairs symmetrically and bilaterally protruding beyond the walls of the measuring block with sensitive elements (pressure receivers) adapted for longitudinal displacement under the action of soil pressure on the pressure receivers and the force converter into an electrical signal; the input and output circuits of the strain-sensing element are connected to the measurement control unit (39) combined with the measurement information collection, analysis and conversion unit, where they are analysed with the values of the registered movement speed of the combined unit (6), and the output circuit is connected to the input to the electronic unit (42) for automatic dosing and receipt of ameliorant from the tank (8) and exit through the control panel (45) and the control processor (41), which changes the mode of supply of ameliorant from the tank (8), compressor operation (48) and the position of the dispenser damper (49).
EFFECT: reduction of melioration time for degraded unused lands.
3 cl, 3 dwg
