METHOD FOR PREDICTIVE MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN CROP CULTIVATION Russian patent published in 2024 - IPC G06F17/40 G06F17/16 G06Q50/02 A01G7/00 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of managing the cultivation of grain crops is characterized by the fact that technological operations of agrotechnology are performed by the working composition of technical means at the control object, and agrotechnology and the working composition of technical means are determined at the beginning of the cultivation season, while establishing: soil properties - physical-chemical, water-physical, landscape -ecological, phytosanitary; environmental conditions: soil-climatic zone - the sum of temperatures provided in 8 years out of 10, in the range of 5-10°C, 10-12°C, annual precipitation, mm, humidification coefficient, empirical coefficient of evaporation, dates of frost with a probability of occurring once every 5 years in the air and on the soil, agrometeorological conditions - photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), thermal resources of the territory, moisture supply conditions of the growing season, amount of atmospheric precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient; crop rotation parameters - alternation of crops over time, crop rotation scheme, rotation period; conditions of crop growth - economic and biological characteristics of the variety, including the growing season from germination to economic ripeness and by development phases, disease and pest damage, morphological description of the variety, requirements of the variety for environmental conditions and agricultural technology, including soil type, seed sowing rates, in kg/ha, sowing time, data on the study of the variety under different agricultural practices - sowing time, sowing rates and different predecessors, yield, centner/ha, measure the initial content of the main chemical elements of the soil - the soil content of macroelements C, N, P, K, Si, mesoelements S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Al, Cl, microelements B, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, Zn, V, I, Se, ultramicroelements, humus elements of the soil - the content of humic acids in the soil, fulvic acids, humins, the potential infestation of crops with weeds is established - types of weeds and their quantity based on data on the number of viable seeds in the soil layer, alternatives to agricultural technologies and an alternative composition of technical means are formed - composition of units planned for performing technological operations on the field of agricultural technologies from the basic composition of technical means - a set of units necessary for the mechanization of work on the cultivation of agricultural crops; agricultural technologies - requirements for crop rotation systems, tillage, fertilization, plant protection, soil properties, content of basic chemical and humus elements of the soil, requirements determined by environmental conditions, crop growth, production -resource potential, environmental limitations and reproduction of soil fertility, including operations of maintaining soil fertility - operations of soil conservation treatment, chemical reclamation, application of organic and mineral fertilizers, and operations of providing crop nutrition in the season - operations of pre-sowing and main tillage, sowing, caring for crops, applying mineral fertilizers, plant protection, cleaning, with the participation of the decision maker (DM), while determining the yield and adjusting the potential infestation of crops with weeds, taking into account plant protection operations, determining the removal of the main chemical elements of the soil by the crop and weeds, during the season the following is carried out: monitoring the condition of crops - assessing the phenological condition, degree of weediness, phytosanitary condition and agrometeorological conditions, and adjusting, with the participation of decision-makers, technological operations of agricultural technology, and the choice of agricultural technology and the working composition of technical means is carried out when the conditions for maintaining soil fertility and ensuring crop nutrition are met, which follow from the ratio of the balance of nutrients, from the balance of chemical and humus soil nutrition elements, while the conditions for the balance of chemical and humus soil nutrition elements, the vector H^*_p are determined by:

H^*_p = H_p + H_ats + H_atk - H_wn,

where Н_р is the vector of the initial basic chemical and humus elements of the soil; H_wn is the vector of removal of the main chemical elements of the soil by crops and weeds; H_ats is the vector of the predicted return of the main chemical and humus elements of the soil by operations to maintain soil fertility; H_atk is the vector of the predicted return of the main chemical elements of the soil through crop nutrition operations;

where H_i, H_j are the return vectors of the main chemical and humus elements of the soil, respectively associated with the i-th operation of maintaining soil fertility, at least, rotation of the predecessor, fertilization, restoration of humus and the j-th operation of providing crop nutrition in the season, at least, application of fertilizers, agricultural technology of soil cultivation, intensity of agricultural technology, while the value of the components of the vectors H_i, H_j in agricultural technology operations is determined by the decision maker, the vector of minimum soil fertility H_mbs is determined - the value of the main chemical and humus elements of the soil sufficient to maintain minimum soil fertility, determined by the extrapolation of the average values of the vector H_p for past periods of cultivation, in the absence of signs of soil degradation for the current season, the condition for maintaining soil fertility from the conditions of the balance of chemical and humus soil nutrients at the beginning of the season H^*_p is determined, subject to the complete removal of the predicted return: H_atk - H_wn = 0, not less than the predicted value of the main soil elements H_mbs for component-by-component comparison of vectors:

H_p + H_ats≥ H_mbs,

the condition for providing crop nutrition is determined by a component-by-component comparison of vectors:

H_{atk_max} ≥ H_atk ≥ H_wn – (Н_р + H_ats - H_mbs),

where: H_p + H_ats - H_mbs takes into account the excessive return of nutrients by agricultural technology operations to ensure the maintenance of soil fertility H_ats; H_{atk_max} is the vector of the maximum value of providing crop nutrition, determined by the genetic properties of the crop, exceeding which does not result in an increase in yield.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create an effective method for managing the cultivation of main crops to maximize the production of agricultural products.

1 cl, 2 dwg