FIELD: processing of cellulose materials.
SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes reduction of content of lignin contained in material being processed by bringing the ligno-cellulose material in contact with liquid ammonia impregnating the ligno-cellulose material followed by abrupt drop of pressure for loosening the ligno-cellulose material due to gas expansion at conversion of liquid ammonia to gas for enhancing reach of sugar and assimilation of ligno-cellulose material. Liquid ammonia and ligno-cellulose material are introduced into heated cylinder equipped with screw feeder and loading neck; screw feeder is brought into rotary contact with cylinder; during operation screw feeder is tightly connected with inlet hole for admitting the liquid ammonia under pressure through loading neck and with heated discharge hole of cylinder adjoining the screw feeder. Liquid ammonia and ligno-cellulose material are packed by rotation of screw feeder in cylinder and are discharged from cylinder through discharge hole of extruder. During conversion of liquid ammonia into gas it is subjected to explosion expansion and gaseous ammonia is extracted from ligno-cellulose material. Device proposed for realization of this method includes at least one screw feeder mounted rotatably in extruder and provided with hole for admission of ligno-cellulose material to screw feeder and discharge hole for removal of material from extruder; device is also provided with cellulose material supply unit, tank for liquid ammonia, heating and cooling units, die unit with die and at least one heating element for heating the die unit, grinding unit and supply pipe line with pump. End of each screw feeder is conical in shape on side of discharge hole for forcing the ligno-cellulose material and liquid ammonia out of die unit. Extruder has mixing zone where grinding units are located for mixing the ligno-cellulose material with liquid ammonia excluding flowing of liquid ammonia to inlet hole. Located before and after grinding units are screw feeder components for conveying and mixing the material. Hole for admitting the liquid ammonia from service tank under pressure below pressure of liquid ammonia vapor to ligno-cellulose material in mixing zone is connected with liquid ammonia tank by means of supply pipe line. Fitted in said pipe line after pump is check valve which opens under pressure of liquid ammonia. Heating element is mounted in die unit for explosion expansion of liquid ammonia after removal from die unit. Area of discharge hole is equal to 60% of flow area of inlet hole of die unit. Extruder, mixing zone, section of die unit, heating element of die unit and screw feeder on side of discharge hole ensure pressure sufficient for keeping the liquid ammonia in liquid state. System for explosion loosening of ligno-cellulose material by means of liquid ammonia includes unit with at least one screw feeder mounted for rotation in extruder with hole admitting the ligno-cellulose material to screw feeder and hole for discharge of ligno-cellulose material from screw feeder and from extruder cylinder. It is provided with tank for liquid ammonia, heating and cooling units located between ends of cylinder, die unit with die and at least one heating element for heating the die unit, grinding units, supply pipe line with pump, hole for supply of liquid ammonia which is connected with tank and ammonia removal unit. Screw feeder component is beveled inside along longitudinal axis of screw feeder. Screw feeder component has blades. One blade adjoining the raw material discharge hole has beveled edge; liquid ammonia inlet hole is located between its ends in mixing zone where grinding units are located. Supply pipe line is provided with check valve which opens under pressure of liquid ammonia and closes when pressure exceeds ammonia vapor pressure.
EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.
14 cl, 29 dwg
