GAS-DISTRIBUTION COMPONENTS OF REVERSIBLE DIESEL ENGINES (VERSIONS) Russian patent published in 2009 - IPC F01L13/02 

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to propulsion engineering and may be used in two-stroke or four-stroke diesel engines of transport vehicles (marine or locomotive diesels). During reversal of diesel engines, their braking at first happens under effect of friction forces in diesel engine, and braking torque reduces together with reduction of crankshaft rotation frequency. Only after reduction of diesel engine rotation frequency down to approximately 15% of rated one, counter-air may be supplied to cylinders, which brakes the diesel engine in part of its shaft rotation and stops it due to increased operation at compression stroke, and then starts it up in new specified direction. Counter-air supplied at higher rotations is not able to brake the diesel engine down. It starts working as pneumatic spring and rotates the shaft in former direction even with a certain increase of rotation frequency of the latter. Above mentioned results in extended process of braking of diesel engine and accordingly transport vehicle, in which it is installed (for instance, vessel). To reduce diesel engine and transport vehicle braking time, it is required to provide for stable braking torque of sufficient value on diesel engine shaft. It may be achieved by implementation of air compressor cycle in cylinders of diesel engine during breaking. In this case it is possible to achieve value of braking torque at the level of 60% from the rated one. Invention solves the specified task by using additional gas-distribution component - special valve - for two-stroke engines with blowdown and exhaust windows and special cam orifice for exhaust valves of two or four-stroke diesel engines, which is used only during braking of engine in process of reversal, and also start-up valve of cylinder as additional component of gas distribution.

EFFECT: such arrangement makes it possible to start-up braking mode practically at any frequency of diesel engine shaft rotation and therefore provide for considerable reduction of reversal duration and object running-out, which sharply increases performance properties of transport vehicle, it is especially important for vessels.

5 cl, 11 dwg