FIELD: physics.
SUBSTANCE: method involves generation and radiation of acoustic oscillations, propagation of an acoustic wave from the radiation point at speed defined by elastic properties and density of the medium, partial reflection and partial refraction of the acoustic wave at the boundary surface of media with different elastic properties, reception of the partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves using one seismic cable, tugged behind the geophysical vessel, digital processing and recording the obtained siesmo-acoustic information, establishing geological rocks and their depth on the search area, characterised by that the submarine geophysical vessel not only moves along the profile line, but also a little inclined - not less than two degrees from the profile line; low-directed - tens of degrees, continuous radiation is performed in frequency range of 1-3000 Hz in a depth range from 50 m - safe depth of underwater navigation to 300 m - the working depth of the submarine geophysical vessel, in a speed range from 4 km/h to 21 km/h (3-12 knots) with minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise of the submarine geophysical vessel; spatial continuous reception of the partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves in the 1-3000 Hz frequency range with dynamic range of not less than 140 dB; additionally, in order to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, in linear and nonlinear modes, several - not less than 4 autonomous bottom stations are used, having passive hydroacoustic medium, having dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and range of working frequencies from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, arranged into a square at the sea floor at a distance from each other which ensures mutual overlapping of observation areas; additionally, in order to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, in the linear mode, an extended antenna is used, which is on-board parts of the housing of the vessel, with dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and working frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz; additionally, for low-directed location of the mineral deposits in linear mode and highly-directed - units of degrees, location of the mineral deposits in nonlinear mode, active hydroacoustic medium is used, having dynamic range of not less than 180 dB in working frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, placed at the bottom of the vessel; additionally, for location of the aquatic medium, the bottom and mineral deposits in linear and nonlinear mode, several - not less than three multi-frequency - with not less than three frequencies in the frequency range from 3000 Hz and higher, with dynamic range of not less than 140 dB, placed at the bottom of the housing of the vessel and each of several - not less than two, unmanned submarines, respectively, which provide mutual overlapping of the observation areas; additionally, in order to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, as well as echo signals reflected from irregularities of the aquatic medium, the sea floor and mineral deposits in linear and nonlinear mode in dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and in the working frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, several - not less than two passive hydroacoustic apparatus are used, which are placed on each of several unmanned submarines, which move during geophysical measurements in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, at speed ranging from 4 km/h to 16 km/h (from 3 knots to 9 knots) at minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise, in parallel to the movement of the submarine geophysical vessel and at a distance from each other which ensures mutual overlapping of observation areas, including observation areas of the seismic cable and submarine geophysical vessel; additionally, to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, noise emission of underwater, surface and aerial objects, as well as echo signals reflected from irregularities of the aquatic medium, including its boundaries, mineral deposits, as well as underwater and surface objects in linear and nonlinear modes, in the dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and in the working frequency range form fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, an antenna is used, which is lies on the contour of the bow of the submarine geophysical vessel.
EFFECT: obtaining, on a large area, accurate information on mineral deposits which are in corresponding geological rocks of the Earth, at the sea floor or in the bottom layer of sediments, under full sea disturbance conditions, in the presence of icebergs or solid ice cover using a method which is safe from the view point of navigation with minimum time and financial expenses.
15 dwg
