METHOD OF BASIC CHERNOZEM TILLAGE Russian patent published in 2017 - IPC G01N33/24 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: to assess the degradation degree of chernozem soil and to choose the optimal method for its basic tillage, the agrophysical soil indices are measured, and the soil exhaustion degree is determined by the density, hardness and structure values. Sampling the soil samples is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting of agricultural crops on rectangular elementary sites at the ratio of sides 1:2 and the area of 2-10 hectares with a pitch of 50-100 m along the middle line of the site along its long side. The exhaustion degree S is determined from the dependence: Љ=(a₁xd+a₂xT+a₃xC)x10^-2, where a₁, a₂, a₃ are the empirical coefficients: a₁=(0.83 for tilled crops, 0.97 for cereals and legumes, 1.16 for perennial grasses), cm³/g, a₂=(0.75 for tilled crops, 0.93 for cereals and legumes, 1.22 for perennial grasses), cm²/g, a₃=(0.8 for tilled crops, 1.0 for cereals and legumes, 1.2 for perennial grasses), 1/%, d is the soil density, g/cm³; T - the soil hardness, g/cm²; C - the soil structure, the aggregate content >10 mm, %. The chernozem tillage is carried out taking into account the obtained indices, namely: at the values of Š=0.64-0.79, small mulch pre-sowing minimum cultivation combined with seeding, or zero cultivation is performed; at Š=0.80-0.97, subsoil tillage and/or combined soil cultivation at different depths, at Š=0.98-1.5, soil tillage is carried out.

EFFECT: increasing the economic efficiency of basic tillage and reducing the consumption of fuels and lubricants while cultivating agricultural crops on chernozem soils.

1 dwg, 3 tbl