DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PLASMA-CHEMICAL HYDROCRACKING AND INSTALLATION EQUIPPED THEREWITH Russian patent published in 2018 - IPC C10G47/22 C10G15/12 

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: claimed invention relates to a device and method for plasma-chemical hydrocracking of high-boiling hydrocarbons. Device for plasma-chemical hydrocracking is described, comprising a reactor having a reactor vessel, a chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons, a chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons, the working chamber and the partition separating the chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons and the working chamber, and in the partition there are channels for the communication of the working chamber with the chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons, plasma torch placed with the possibility of plasma flow feeding into the working chamber of the reactor, a tubular element to surround at least part of the longitudinal length of the plasma flow inside the reactor, the tubular element has an outer circumferential wall, an inner circumferential wall and a slit space between the two circumferential walls, connected to the supply of a hydrogen-containing medium, the inner circumferential wall has through channels for passage of the hydrogen-containing medium from the gap space to the plasma flow and thereby defines a mixing zone for mixing the plasma flow and the hydrogen-containing medium in the working chamber, the mixing zone together with the partition at least partially define the reaction zone inside the working chamber, which has a narrowing in the type of gas-dynamic nozzle, a supply for supplying liquid hydrocarbons into the unreacted hydrocarbons chamber limited by the partition, the partition on its side facing the reaction zone of the working chamber, forms a surface for spreading a layer of liquid hydrocarbons, the outlet for the resulting gaseous hydrocarbons, located in the chamber for the reacted hydrocarbons, the narrowing of the reaction zone of the working chamber is located in front of the outlet for the obtained gaseous hydrocarbons along the process stream, the outlet for unreacted liquid hydrocarbons, located in the chamber for unreacted hydrocarbons. Method of plasma-chemical hydrocracking, carried out with the use of this device, includes the following steps: creating a plasma stream, introducing a hydrogen-containing medium into the plasma stream and their reaction with obtaining a secondary hydrogen-containing coolant, injecting liquid hydrocarbons into the reactor, acting the layer of liquid hydrocarbons with secondary hydrogen-containing coolant for overheating and explosive boiling up and the vapor-droplet mixture obtained as a result of explosive boiling up with obtaining a reacting gas-vapor mixture from a vapor-droplet mixture of hydrocarbons and components of a secondary hydrogen-containing coolant, directing flow of the specified reacting gas-vapor mixture in the constriction made by the type of gas-dynamic nozzle and mixing the components of the mixture in the specified gas-dynamic nozzle with increasing degree of mixing as it approaches the exit of the gas-dynamic nozzle and obtaining gaseous hydrocarbons, releasing gaseous hydrocarbons from the gas-dynamic nozzle and thereby their expansion, removing gaseous hydrocarbons from the reactor. In addition, an invention concerning a plasma chemical hydrocracking unit comprising said plasma chemical hydrocracking device is described.

EFFECT: increase in the intensity of vaporization of hydrocarbons during plasma-chemical hydrocracking and an increase in the rate of mixing of the components of vaporous hydrocarbons and the hydrogen-containing medium with a significant acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions of these components.

22 cl, 6 dwg