METHOD OF CULTIVATING AGRICULTURE CROPS Russian patent published in 2020 - IPC A01B79/02 A01G22/00 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes direct seeding with anchor or disc working members and harvesting with formation of stubble coulisses by combing, mulching field surface with milled straw, with autumn and presowing field treatment with herbicides, starting dose of mineral fertilizers during sowing with alternation of cultures with rod and furry root system. To implement the complex biological system of field fertility recovery, rational reproduction of cereals and broad-leaved crops, alternation of cultures of cold and warm periods using binary crops of leguminous and industrial crops with rod root system. For vegetal mass accumulation, cover crops of green manure biologically active crops are used on fields with early harvesting periods. Selection of green manure crops is carried out taking into account their ability to affect pathogenic flora. Multifield crop rotations are performed with selection of crops with mismatching main works for sowing and harvesting, which increase working periods of sowing and harvesting complexes. For decomposition of solid soils loosening of arable layer is performed for crops with rod root system of chisel or deep tiller. Operation on the field is performed only with process units with permissible compaction effect on soil. During processing of steam field for filling of applied humus and mineral fertilizers, accumulated organic matter and phosphorus in upper layers of field at direct sowing in multi-field crop rotations, dump plowing is performed, which is also necessary for struggle with pathogenic flora. A complex of measures on accumulation, saving and rational use of moisture of winter and summer precipitation is carried out, including accumulation of snow with stubble or after solid stripping, or formation of stubble coulisses with width of 1–1.5 m through 8–16 m, as well as by leaving said coulisses after autumn cultivation of green-manure crops. In spring, moisture is closed, and after harvesting surface treatment is carried out with a disc harrow to preserve residual moisture and create conditions for germination of weeds and accumulation of moisture in autumn precipitation; during sowing, seeds are deep-sealed up to 10–15 cm with replaceable working elements to form a groove widened in the upper part of the sulcus, which facilitates cold soil during the emergence of sprouts of moisture condensation from the air and after harrowing the field is harvested to prevent evaporation of moisture from the lower layers of the arable horizon.

EFFECT: method provides moisture-saving and protection of plants.

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