METHOD FOR THERMAL-OXIDATIVE CRACKING OF FUEL OIL AND VACUUM DISTILLATES AND PLANT FOR PROCESSING HEAVY OIL RESIDUES Russian patent published in 2022 - IPC C10G9/36 

FIELD: oil industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for processing heavy oil residues. The method includes heating the feedstock in the heat exchange unit due to the heat of the bottom product stream - the cracked residue of the atmospheric distillation column entering the heat exchange unit, then the feed stream is sent to a tubular reaction furnace at a pressure at the furnace inlet of up to 25 atm, which ensures heating of the feedstock to a temperature 390-490°C, as well as primary thermal cracking of the feedstock, then the feed stream enters the thermal cracking reactor unit at an inlet pressure of up to 12 atm, consisting of first and second stage reactors, which also includes a mixing unit with molecular oxygen. After leaving the reactor of the second stage, the gas-product stream enters the mixing unit with the cooled quenching stream, then, cooled to a temperature of 370-400°C, the gas-product stream enters the staged separation in the separation unit to separate the nitrogen-methane mixture from the target products reaction and into the column for separating the black diesel fuel, followed by the supply of the target reaction products for rectification into the atmospheric distillation column, from the bottom of which the cracked residue is removed, which is sent to the heat exchange unit for heating the raw material. The cooled cracking residue stream is divided into streams, the first stream is sent as quenching to the product stream after the second stage reactor, the second stream is fed to the bottom of the atmospheric distillation column to maintain the temperature of the bottom of the column no higher than 360°C, the third stream is partly sent as a recycle for mixing with heavy vacuum gas oil from a vacuum distillation column and then fed into the feed stream of thermal oxidative cracking, part of this flow through the furnace of the vacuum rectification unit is sent to the vacuum distillation column of the vacuum rectification unit with the production of decomposition gases in it, a fraction of 140-360°C and a bottom product for bitumen, pitch or coke production units, and a part is removed from the unit in the form of fraction 360°S-KK. A gas-gasoline mixture is removed from the top of the atmospheric distillation column and separated in a separator with the direction of a part of the separated fraction of unstable gasoline as a turbulator, which reduces coke formation and separates the compaction products from the walls of the pipes of the reaction furnace, for mixing with the feed stream in front of the reaction furnace, and part is returned as an overhead reflux to an atmospheric distillation column. The excess of the gas-gasoline fraction is removed for stabilization and / or to the commodity park as a finished product, part of the 140-360°C fraction from the atmospheric distillation column is sent to the heat exchange unit, after which it returns to the atmospheric distillation column as an intermediate irrigation, the other part of the 140- 360°C enters the stripping column and, after cooling in the heat exchange unit, is sent to the adsorption purification unit from resins and asphaltenes and then to hydrotreatment to obtain commercial fractions 140-360°C and 350-360°C. The invention also relates to a plant for processing heavy oil residues.

EFFECT: increasing the yield of light oil products, primarily diesel fractions.

3 cl, 5 ex, 61 tbl, 7 dwg