FIELD: medicine.
SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to four embodiments of the endotracheal tube. In the first embodiment, the endotracheal tube comprises a body in the form of a flexible curved transparent tube having open proximal and distal ends and convex and concave sides. Tube includes a connector installed on the proximal end of the tube for connection of the tube cavity to the apparatus of artificial pulmonary ventilation. Tube has an inflatable cuff tightly fixed around the distal end of the bent tube and configured to hold the distal endotracheal tube in the larynx in the required position. Tube contains a longitudinal channel for air supply, which is made in the wall of the bent tube and communicates with the cavity of the inflatable cuff. Tube has a tight balloon with elastic walls connected to the air supply port, connected by means of a catheter with a longitudinal channel for air supply into the cuff cavity and configured to maintain and monitor pressure in the cuff cavity. Tube comprises a longitudinal drug delivery channel made in the wall of the bent tube and connected by means of the catheter to the drug delivery container. Central angle between longitudinal channel for air supply and longitudinal channel for drug delivery is within 90–180 degrees. Tube comprises an annular channel for drug delivery into the area of the cuffs contact with the tracheal mucosa and into the lower respiratory tracts, made in the tube wall in the immediate vicinity of the inflatable cuff on the side of the proximal end of the tube, interconnected with longitudinal channel for drug delivery and containing holes of different direction, made at distance from each other along circumference in angular sector of 90–180 degrees. Holes have cone-shaped shape with larger diameter of cross section closer to outer surface of wall and axis of one hole of said pair is arranged at angle of 45 degrees to tube axis and directed towards distal end of tube. Axis of adjacent hole of said pair is arranged at angle of 90 degrees to tube axis. Tube contains cylindrical holes made in the said annular channel on the opposite side from cone-shaped holes in the angular sector of 60–90 degrees. On the surface of the tube there are marking marks, one of which is located from the annular channel so that it can be seen from the laryngopharynx at the required working position of the endotracheal tube at the border of the upper larynx. Second mark is located at distance of 2–2.5 cm from the first marking mark, closer to the proximal end of the tube. Tube includes channels in the wall of the bent tube in the immediate vicinity of the second marking mark on the side of the proximal end of the bent tube, divergent at angle of 90–120 degrees. to each other from longitudinal channel for drug delivery and ending with cone-shaped outlets with larger diameter of cross section closer to outer wall surface. Tube has channels made in the wall of the bent tube in close proximity to the distal end of the tube diverging at angle of 90–120 degrees to each other from longitudinal channel for drug delivery and ending with cone-shaped outlets with larger cross-section diameter closer to wall outer surface. Longitudinal channel for drug delivery comprises on the side of the distal end of the tube multidirectional cone-shaped holes for drug delivery into the area of the cuff contact with the tracheal mucosa and in the lower respiratory tract, located in close proximity to each other along the length of the tube between the cuff and channels. Cone axis of each hole is located at angle of 40–45 degrees to longitudinal axis of tube and directed towards proximal end of tube. In other embodiments of the endotracheal tube the design of the cone-shaped holes and their location are specified.
EFFECT: technical result is reduction of laryngopharyngeal reflexes when using it, reduced dose of common drugs, which increases safety of anaesthesia and its effectiveness, as well as provides high-quality synchronization of patient's breathing with artificial ventilation in cases of prolonged pulmonary ventilation in intensive therapy.
15 cl, 16 dwg
