HYDROCYCLONE Russian patent published in 2021 - IPC B04C5/02 B04C5/04 B04C5/81 

FIELD: processing of waste.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment in the field of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) management, particularly, to a hydrocyclone for use during the operation of pre-purifying LRW from sludge, slurries and petroleum products under conditions of radioactive irradiation. During the operation of nuclear power plants (NPP), LRW is accumulated in storage facilities, with increased contamination by corrosion products, surface-active agents (surfactants), sludge and slurries, whereon radionuclides are collected, wherein the concentration thereof often exceeds the content thereof in the water phase by tens of times. A hydrocyclone for purifying liquid radioactive waste (LRW), with a tangential inflow for the supplied suspension, attachments for lower and upper discharge, a channel for dilution water supply, wherein a head tank is installed in front of the tangential inflow above the cylindrical part of the hydrocyclone, the outlet whereof is connected with the inlet of the tangential inflow through a valve gate, a vertically adjustable hydraulic deflector with internal channels for supplying flushing water and air is installed in the conical space of the hydrocyclone through the threaded hole of the lower discharge attachment, wherein the central internal channel is made along the axis of the hydraulic deflector, and the side internal channels are located perpendicular to the central channel and have tangential outlet holes oriented in the direction of the main rotational movement of the supplied suspension; the upper discharge attachment is equipped with a diffuser located in the conical part of the hydrocyclone coaxially with the hydraulic deflector, and the lower discharge attachment, located in the center whereof is the channel for dilution water supply, is installed on the flange of the outlet of the conical part of the hydrocyclone and has suspension flow guides in the receiving chamber thereof, installed at an angle of 25 to 30° to the axis of the hydrocyclone in the direction of the rotational movement of the separated suspension, as well as a tangentially installed nozzle for outflow of said suspension. In a particular case, air is supplied to the channels of the hydraulic deflector from an air network via a flexible hose through a pressure reducer with an adjustable valve and a pressure gauge, connected with the atmospheric air through a threaded plug. In another particular case, beta and gamma emission detectors are installed on the outer conical part of the hydrocyclone.

EFFECT: development of a reliable and relatively inexpensive hydrocyclone usable during the operation of pre-purifying LRW from sludge, slurries and petroleum products under conditions of radioactive irradiation; the design of the hydrocyclone also ensures the absence of moving parts, a relatively low manufacturing cost, safe operation in conditions of radioactive emission and use in existing LRW treatment plants due to the compact design and easy adaptation.

3 cl, 7 dwg