FIELD: polymers; transport containers.
SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a group of inventions: a block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams installed in a heat-insulating housing of a sealed and heat-insulated tank; sealed and heat-insulated tank; a vessel for transporting a cold liquid product; cold liquid product transportation system; method of loading or unloading the vessel; method for preparing a block of fiber-reinforced polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam. This block has a density of 30 to 300 kg/m3. The block has an average fiber density Tf from 1 to 60% by weight of the fibers. The block has a width L from 10 to 500 cm and a thickness E from the lower surface of the block to its upper surface from 10 to 100 cm. The block consists of gas storage cells. The block contains, in its thickness E, two peripheral zones, one of which is considered to be upper, continuing from the upper surface of the block, and the other is considered to be lower, continuing from the lower surface of the block. Each of these two zones represents no more than 20% of the thickness E of the block, and they are separated by a zone that is considered to be intermediate. The peripheral zones, upper and lower, have a fiber density Tf top and Tf bottom. So: 2/3 ≤ (Tf top/Tf bottom) ≤ 3/2. Density of fibers Tf mid of the middle zone is less than the densities of the peripheral zones, i.e.: Tf mid < Tf top and Tf mid < T f bottom. A method for preparing a fiber-reinforced polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block of a thermally insulating body of a sealed and thermally insulated tank includes: a) mixing polyurethane/polyisocyanurate reactants, optionally at least one reaction catalyst, optionally at least one emulsifier, and at least one blowing agent; b) impregnating with the aid of a gravity flow mixture of reagents fibrous reinforcements arranged in superimposed layers and exhibiting variable fiber densities, the fibrous reinforcements being arranged perpendicular to the direction of the gravity flow; c) making and expanding fiber-reinforced polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam. The expansion of fiber-reinforced foam is considered to be free expansion, i. without limitation imposed by the volume of a closed section on at least one surface, or the expansion of the fiber-reinforced polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam is physically limited by the walls of the two-belt laminator. A sealed and thermally insulated tank consists of a tank built into a supporting structure containing a sealed and heat-insulated tank containing at least one sealed metal membrane, consisting of a group of metal ribs or metal plates that may contain corrugations, and a heat-insulating housing containing a block reinforced with fibers polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam. A ship for transporting a cold liquid product includes at least one hull and one sealed and heat-insulated tank.
EFFECT: effective performance.
16 cl, 8 dwg, 4 tbl, 1 ex
