METHOD OF INCREASING ANTI-EROSION RESISTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF CLOSED DEPRESSIONS DURING SNOW MELTING Russian patent published in 2024 - IPC A01B79/02 A01B13/16 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention finds application in cultivation of crops on fields with wavy microrelief and saucer-shaped drainless microdepressions. Essence of the problem lies in the fact that in the presence of microdepressions, which are characteristic for fields of the Central Russian Upland, after the end of the spring flood, more snow accumulates on the fields in the drainless saucer-shaped microdepressions than on the neighboring area. Accordingly, in these microdepressions the process of snow melting is slowed down. Here water is retained, its slow evaporation and delay of soil drying to the state of physical ripeness are observed. This shifts the time of field works in spring, at the same time in these depressions the soil becomes poor in its physical-lithological and chemical state, that is, places have leached soils. This leads to reduction of soil fertility in crop rotations as a basis of crop capacity growth. In case of overfilling of microdepressions, soil is washed away according to average weighted norm of water planar erosion of soil and depends on geographical location and orientation of field slope and density of soil skeleton, absence of humus in soil with field slopes. Method includes digital survey of field surface in autumn with fixation of location and parameters of saucer-shaped depressions of field microrelief, according to invention on field after harvesting of early crops, which are precursors in crop rotation, establishing the possibility of using organic fertilizers in autumn before snowfall to close closed shallow depressions - troughs located on the field or on its slope, at which the average annual soil washout, weighted average by the water planar soil erosion rate, is not exceeded. As an organic fertilizer for closing closed shallow depressions - hollows, a prepared mixture of components in the form of rotted horse manure with low-lying peat, respectively 2:1, with the addition of lime 3% of the volume of the peat mass, is used, which is prepared by mixing components and forming a pile with a front loader on an open site, subsequent double mixing of the pile with the help of a screw agitator during treatment with the microbiological preparation “Байкал ЭМ-1” at rate of 10% of the composition of the mixture of components, when the temperature of the mixture is reduced to temperature of 30–35 ° and decomposition, which corresponds to tight and cold storage. After two weeks, application is carried out with a continuous layer of marked saucer-shaped depressions of the field microrelief with the given mixture to the depth of covering the saucer-shaped depressions of the microrelief. After that, in autumn, levelling and cultivation are carried out, rolling with cranked rollers in two tracks, and in spring, after the soil reaches the state of physical ripeness, before ploughing, fertilizer is uniformly spread over the surface of the field in dose of 15 t/ha and the arable horizon is treated. Soil is restored with nutrients, and its functionality in crop rotation is not limited.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to reproduce soil fertility and to increase crop capacity in crop rotation.

1 cl, 3 dwg