FIELD: chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for preparing solid polyurethane foam or solid urethane modified polyisocyanurate foam, to solid polyurethane foam, to solid urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam, to a multifunctional composition used to prepare solid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam, to the reaction system for the preparation of solid polyurethane foam or solid urethane modified polyisocyanurate foam. Method of preparation of solid polyurethane foam is that the polyisocyanate is reacted, having an isocyanate index of up to 240 %, with a multifunctional compound. Reaction is carried out in the presence of expanding agents. Multifunctional compound is a polyether alcohol, having a hydroxyl value of 50 to 400 mg KOH/g, obtained by reacting a multifunctional initiator with ethylene oxide, and then with propylene oxide. Degree of propoxylation of polyether polyol is from 0.33 to 2 moles of propylene oxide per active hydrogen atom in the initiator. Molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide in a polyether alcohol is at least 2. Solid urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam is obtained in a similar manner using a polyisocyanate with an isocyanate index from 250 % to 1000 %. Multifunctional composition that reacts with the isocyanate contains polyether polyhydric alcohol and additional excipients. Reaction system for the preparation of solid polyurethane foam or solid urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam contains an organic polyisocyanate, the above multifunctional compound, expanding agent. Additionally, the reaction system may contain auxiliary substances.
EFFECT: invention allows to obtain a polyurethane foam or a urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam, which has high foam properties and high technological properties with a minimum amount of flame retardant product contained.
18 cl, 4 ex, 8 tbl
