FIELD: waste processing.
SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to methods for pre-processing, sorting and purification of wastes; it can be used at waste sorting enterprises, both existing and newly built for the purpose of pre-processing of solid waste in order to purify them from contaminants and organic substances. A method for pre-processing of solid wastes for their purification from contaminants and organic substances is characterized by steam processing of the surface of solid wastes against contaminants in a rotating cylindrical installation, which is positioned at an angle to the horizon, steam processing is carried out inside the installation from the central zone around the perimeter, after processing, washed wastes are supplied into a large fraction hopper, while steam is supplied at a pressure of 0.7-50 atm, and wastes are processed with steam in the installation, which is a rotating reel having cellular walls, wherein steam processing is carried out impulsively or continuously through the steam flow generated by nozzles at the time of waste passing through them; organic wastes transformed to a fine fraction, including food, are collected by gravity through cells of reel walls into a fine fraction hopper, which is located at the bottom of the reel; excess moisture, including steam condensate, is removed using channels of condensate drains and pumps, not from the drying chamber itself, but from the fine fraction hopper, from where collected moisture, including steam condensate, is filtered and sent to steam generation, and the resulting steam is used for re-processing of solid wastes; wherein the processing period is limited to time, where the end of the processing period is determined based on fixing the termination of changes in the dynamics of one or more measurements of parameters of the waste state; and at the end of processing, washed and dried wastes of a large fraction are collected at the output of the installation into the large fraction bunker, and then sent for further processing.
EFFECT: simultaneous drying, washing, disinfection and neutralization of solid large fraction, as well as its separation from the rest of wastes, including fine fractions and organic (mainly food) fraction (transformable to a fine fraction during the processing itself), which allows further sorting of solid wastes of large fraction in automatic mode; in addition, due to the disinfection of solid wastes of a large fraction, it becomes possible to sort it manually without additional disinfection.
20 cl, 3 dwg
