METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECYCLING POLYMER COMPONENTS OF MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR PRODUCTION OF FOAM PLASTICS Russian patent published in 2025 - IPC B09B3/40 B29B17/00 F23G5/27 

FIELD: chemistry; construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to environmental protection and can be used for processing and recycling polymer components of municipal and industrial wastes, namely production of elements of building structures from foam plastic. Pre-sorted polymer components are loaded into the grinder. Produced inhomogeneous charge is fed into blender where it is mixed. Formed more homogeneous charge is supplied to the intake branch pipe of the screw heater, in which at slow movement of the charge from top to bottom along the screw it is heated through the wall with flue gases coming from the combustion chamber into the thermal jacket of the screw heater. As a result, water vapor and low-boiling hydrocarbons are formed in the charge. Solid organic components become plastic, pressure increases. Charge takes the form of melted polymer paste, which is supplied to degasser, and cooled flue gases are removed from thermal jacket via flue gas pipeline. At the same time, pyrolysis gas is released in the degasifier as a result of increase in volume and reduction of pressure from the charge; Heavy gases - carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen are removed from the cyclone via the pipeline into the flue gas pipeline, where they are mixed with smoke cans, forming a gas mixture, and the cleaned pyrolysis gas containing methane from the cyclone is supplied through the pipeline to the burner of the combustion chamber of the screw heater, where the inlet air is also supplied. Gas mixture enters the system water heater, in which water is heated to temperature of 80–90 °C, gases are cooled to temperature of 140–150 °C. After mixing with flue gases, the gas mixture enters the smoke exhauster, where its pressure is increased, after which it is directed to the gasifier flue gas distributor, degassed polymer paste under action of gravity flows from degasser tray into gasifier, in which it is mixed with gas mixture supplied under pressure created by smoke exhauster from perforated pipe of flue gas distributor. As a result of mixing the gas mixture with the molten polymer paste at temperature of 150–200 °C in its mass there are reactions of interaction of carbon oxides with polymer radicals formed during heating of polymer mixture, cleaning of gas mixture from carbon oxides and reactive components, its filling with nitrogen. Cleaned from harmful impurities - carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides, flue gases enter the system water heater, from where the cleaned and cooled flue gases are released into the atmosphere, and the obtained polymer-gas mixture through the outlet branch pipe of the gasifier, located above the belt conveyor, is merged into the moulds moving on it, filling them, forming elements of building structures from foam plastic, which enter the cooling chamber, where they are cooled and hardened.

EFFECT: improving reliability and efficiency of the method and device for recycling polymer components of municipal and industrial wastes for production of foam plastic.

2 cl, 1 dwg