METHOD OF PROCESSING ORGANIC MATERIAL INTO FUEL COMPONENTS AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD Russian patent published in 2011 - IPC C10G9/08 C10B53/02 F23G5/27 

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method and apparatus may be used to recycle wastes from the wood processing industry, as well as household and communal wastes, low-rank coal, sludge etc. Described is a method of processing organic material into fuel components, involving loading material into a pyrolysis reactor with a reaction chamber, low-temperature pyrolysis under heat, unloading the product obtained in the chamber and outlet of the gas mixture obtained during pyrolysis, in which in order to improve quality characteristics of the obtained solid residue, the pyrolysis process is carried out in a vacuum of 1×10^-3-1×10^-1 mmHg inside the reaction chamber and temperature 250-350°C, and pyrolysis itself is carried out while continuously stirring the processed mass loaded into the reaction chamber until the end of the process, and the value of the vacuum created inside the reaction chamber and temperature of the material in the given process range is maintained through periodic on/off switching of the device generating the vacuum and heating elements, the signal of which is the readings of corresponding sensors placed inside the chamber. Described also is a device for implementing the described method, having a cylindrical housing made from two coaxially arranged cowlings with inner heat insulation, a reactor, whose inside serves as the reaction chamber for pyrolysis, movable plates on opposite ends of the reactor housing for loading and unloading, as well as a system for outlet of the vapour-gas mixture from the reaction chamber, in which in order to improve quality of the fuel product obtained via pyrolysis, the cylindrical reactor is placed with inclination to the horizon line by 10-30° with possibility of rotation about the longitudinal axis and has a drive for executing such rotary movement, and on its inner surface in the reaction chamber there are blades, having inclination to the edge of its cylindrical surface towards the direction of rotation of the reactor housing, as well as annular baffle plates mounted between alternating rows of blades. The inside of the reaction chamber is linked to a suction tube of the vacuum pump and is insulated from the external medium using a system of air-tight seals, and in the gap between the outer and inner walls of component cowlings of the reactor, there are series-arranged electrical heating elements which are connected to an external power supply. Movable plates for loading and unloading are in form of turning fold-out covers with seals, mounted on the outer side surface of the reactor housing on its different ends, with devices for their tight fixation on the outline of openings which they close, which are, for example, a turning cam mechanism, and the inside of the reaction chamber of the reactor is linked to the external atmosphere through an electromagnetic shutoff valve. Sensors are also placed inside the reaction chamber for measuring the value of the vacuum created therein, as well as temperature of the product, connected to program blocks which enable processing of signals coming from these sensors, as well as generating instructions for actuating elements which switch on/off the vacuum pump, and also used in the heating elements, and the shaft on which the revolving reactor housing is mounted is in form of hollow pipes having air-tight one-sided outer caps, through which the inlet for the pipe for sucking the gas mixture accumulating in the reaction chamber is made using corresponding seals, as well as the cord for electrical powering of the heating elements, and blades on the inner surface of the reaction chamber are placed with varying angle of inclination to the edge of the surface of the reaction chamber towards the direction of rotation of the reactor housing, with alternation on the circle of blades with angle of inclination 8-32° and blades with angle of inclination 40-80°, and annular baffle plates placed in front are inclined towards the blades, and heating elements are placed in circular alternating rows which encircle areas lying at the base of the moving blades, and the annular baffle plates with inclination.

EFFECT: processing mass into a useful furnace product from large volumes of wastes, improved ecological situation and cutting on consumption of scarce energy products for generating heat energy.

2 cl, 3 ex, 2 dwg