SYSTEM FOR INTRAOPERATIVE DETECTION AND RECOGNITION OF NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES IN THE VOLUME OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE Russian patent published in 2021 - IPC A61B5/00 

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of medicine, medical and technical technologies, namely to intraoperative diagnostics and functional diagnostics, and can be used to detect and recognize local inhomogeneities that differ in optical properties from the surrounding biological tissues in the field of research. The system for intraoperative detection and recognition of neurovascular structures in the volume of biological tissue, includes: an optical-surgical device for probing biological tissues and surgical manipulations, made on the basis of branches; a block of positional and/or force control of an optical-surgical device, including a position sensor and/or a force sensor or a force-moment sensor, made with the ability to control the movement and/or the force of pressing the working end of the optical-surgical device to the biological tissue; a signal conversion unit, made with the ability to form direct and receive reverse optical signals of subsurface probing of biological tissue; a control and processing unit made with the possibility of generating control signals for the synchronized operation of the conversion unit and the position control unit, as well as with the possibility of processing received signals from these blocks, displaying diagnostic information and storing the received data. The signal conversion unit is designed with the possibility of generating radiation for reflective diffusion spectroscopy with a time resolution at least at two wavelengths (λ_i, i=1..K, K≥2) from the range of 650-950 nm. The opto-surgical device is made with the possibility of subsurface contact probing of biological tissue to a maximum depth of at least 5 mm, and is equipped with at least two groups of optical fibers for supplying a direct optical signal of subsurface probing of biological tissue, and at least one fiber-optic cord for receiving the return signal. Optical fibers and a fiber-optic cord, each, if there are more than one, are output at one end to the working end of the device, and the other end is connected to the signal conversion unit. Groups of optical fibers on the working end are located along separate mismatched semi-axes directed from the fiber bundle. Each group of optical fibers consists of at least two subgroups. Each subgroup is designed to provide a signal at least at two wavelengths (λ_i, i=1..K, K≥2) from the specified range. The optical fibers of each subgroup are located at a distance of no more than 1 mm from each other, and each subgroup is located at a certain distance (r_j, j=1..M, M≥2) from the receiving fiber bundle along the corresponding half-axis. The control unit is designed with the possibility of forming a feature vector for detecting and recognizing neurovascular structures based on signals received from the conversion unit and the position control unit, which are used to judge the presence of certain neurovascular structures in the volume of biological tissue, tissue saturation and local blood filling, including the presence or absence of tissue hypoxia.

EFFECT: obtaining reliable data on the presence of nerves, large and small arteries and veins in the volume of biological tissue at a maximum depth of at least 5 mm during operations.

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