FIELD: chemical industry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the chemical industry and can be used for processing methane and other volatile, liquid, solid fusible hydrocarbons, in the production of hydrogen, soot and other combustible gases. The invention relates to a method of pyrolytic decomposition of hydrocarbons, where a pyrolysis reactor located in a space bounded by a brace is heated with flue gases obtained by burning a mixture of air and gaseous hydrocarbons enriched with hydrogen, to ensure maximum reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, flue gases are moved vertically down in the space between the brace and the reactor, heated hydrocarbons are fed into the lower part of the reactor, and hydrogen and soot obtained as a result of pyrolytic decomposition are removed from the upper part of the reactor. The heat transfer of the reactor from flue gases to pyrolysis products is increased using heat-conducting metal elements piercing through the walls of the reactor, form the main ablative surface by filling the inner space of the reactor with ceramic balls inert to gaseous hydrocarbons and products of their pyrolytic decomposition. Ensured are the cleaning of the heat-conducting elements and the inner walls of the reactor from soot due to the multidirectional movement of ceramic balls, using blades mounted on a rotating shaft, so that the ceramic balls move up at the peripheral shell of the reactor and down in the central part of the reactor near the rotating shaft, while maintaining the temperature in the upper zone of the reactor at the level of 950-1150°C and heating of the lower zone of the reactor is provided so that the temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the reactor is 700-800°C. The invention also concerns an installation for pyrolytic decomposition of hydrocarbons.
EFFECT: high degree of separation of hydrogen and carbon by rapid high-temperature pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure without oxygen access and without CO2 production.
19 cl, 1 dwg
