FIELD: waste recycling.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for obtaining an ultrathin functional fiber from vinasse, which includes the following stages, the peculiarity of which is as follows: a) high-speed cutting and crushing of the sediment of vinasse; a1) vinasse is transported to a temporary storage tank, and then, under the action of the first piezoelectric feeding device, it is fed into a crushing plant for cutting and crushing, while depending on the weight ratio of vinasse and water, which is 1:3-1:5, water is added to the crushing plant; a2) the crushed vinasse from the discharge hole enters a high-frequency fine sieve; b) separation and extraction of fibers from wine sludge; b1) by means of a high-frequency fine sieve, fiber components are retained on the sieve, while starch, protein and other components contained in the vinasse flow into a tank for processing the material that is under the sieve; b2) above the high-frequency fine sieve there are two channels with washing water located in the center and at the end of the high-frequency fine sieve and intended for washing separated fibers; c) preliminary decomposition of fibers; c1) fiber components separated by a high-frequency fine sieve are fed into the first tank of temporary fiber storage; c2) fibers from the first temporary storage tank, under the action of a second piezoelectric feeding device, enter the fiber pre-decomposition reaction chamber, which is a separate structure comprising a fixed reaction chamber housing and a removable separate-type sieve, while the fiber pre-decomposition liquid is added inside the fixed reaction chamber housing, fibers from the first temporary storage tank are placed in a removable separate-type sieve, which is located inside the fixed reaction chamber housing, next, the fibers are immersed in a fiber pre-decomposition liquid; the fiber pre-decomposition liquid consists of, wt. %: 1-5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 0.5-3 parts of potassium persulfate, 0.2-2 parts of catalyst and 90-97.3 parts of water; the catalyst is a single-compound or multi-compound substance: cobalt chloride, cobalt ammonia, iron chloride and iron sulfate, while the ratio of fiber mass to fiber pre-decomposition liquid is from 1:3 to 1:5, the reaction temperature during fiber pre-decomposition is 30÷85°C, sodium hydroxide is used to regulate the pH value of the decomposition liquid during the reaction and is 6-10, the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours; c3) after the reaction is completed, a removable separate-type sieve is lifted from the stationary body of the reaction chamber by a hook on a circulating chain conveyor, gravity and the barrier function of a removable separate-type sieve are used during transportation to separate the fiber and the liquid for preliminary decomposition; d) functional modification of the fiber; d1) after decomposition, the fibers enter the second tank for temporary storage of fibers, and then, under the action of a third piezoelectric feeding device, they are fed to a conveyor belt, two water washing devices and two channels of a sprinkler system for spraying a functional modifying additive are installed above the conveyor belt along the direction of material transportation, a water washing device and a functional modifying additive spraying system are used to wash the material and ensure complete wetting of the fibers with a functional modifying additive; d2) after spraying the functional modifying additive, the fibers continue to move along the conveyor belt into a photocatalytic microwave synergetic reactor, under the combined influence of a fixed wavelength light source and a microwave source, functional modification is performed to obtain an ultrathin functional fiber. Ultrathin functional fibers obtained after modification can be used in such industries as: modification of concrete mortars, paint and varnish materials.
EFFECT: highly effective use of vinasse is ensured, a significant increase in the efficiency and practical value of the products associated with winemaking.
7 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl
