METHOD OF ASSESSING EFFECTIVENESS OF FERTILIZERS AND PREPARATIONS WHEN CULTIVATING SPECIFIC CROPS ON SPECIFIC FIELD Russian patent published in 2024 - IPC A01G7/00 A01G22/00 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture and plant growing. Method consists in sampling soil from a specific field, treating seeds with preparations, conducting test sowing of seeds in vegetation containers, taking care of crops, determining and comparing germination parameters of treated and untreated seeds and obtaining a conclusion on the most productive version of the combination of fertilizers and preparations when cultivating crops. Trial sowing of seeds is carried out in a substrate impregnated with a soil suspension from soil, which samples are taken from a specific field either in the autumn, provided the soil temperature drops within the range of +12 °C to +5 °C and slowing down biological processes in soil, or in the spring, provided the soil temperature rises within the range of +3 °C to +5 °C in dry weather. At the same time for preliminary detection of soil readiness for vegetation experiments after its warming-up, seeds are sown into the soil to the sowing depth recommended for the given culture, and soil moisture is brought to 60%. Readiness of soil for vegetation experiments is determined by appearance of germinal root of seed. To prepare the soil suspension, melt water is added to the soil in ratio of 2 l of water per 1 kg of soil, thoroughly mixed and left in this form for a certain period of time, usually for 30–40 minutes. After the specified time, the obtained soil suspension is mixed again, substrates are prepared in the form of linen cloth mats in an amount corresponding to the number of variants of vegetation experiments, prepared substrates are lowered into soil suspension and kept in suspension until complete impregnation. Substrates impregnated with soil suspension are laid out on vegetation containers, each of them being laid on the bottom of each vegetation container. When determining the effect of fertilizers on productivity of crops, fertilizers dissolved in melt water in selected proportions are added to the substrates. At that, it is envisaged to apply only the specified type of fertilizer with the specified rate of application into each of the containers, and no fertilizers are applied to the substrate of the control version of the test sowing. Prior to sowing, seeds are treated with a specific disinfectant; at that, seeds for the control version are not treated with any preparations. Trial sowing of seeds of the test culture is carried out in the substrate of each vegetation container. Vegetation containers with sown seeds are placed in a thermostat and temperature of 20–25 °C is provided in the thermostat, keeping an average value of 24 °C. For the period of the experiment, identical moisture content of each substrate in the vegetation containers is also provided within range of 65–75%, while maintaining the optimum average value of 70%. At that, for one day, the vegetation containers are closed from above with a cover, on the next day, the vegetation containers are slightly opened, for which the covers of the vegetation containers are shifted according to a given pattern by a value a:a=k∙L, where L is the length of the vegetation container; k is displacement coefficient, 0 ≤ k ≤ 1, wherein the shift coefficient k is assigned as k=0.25 in the first third of the second day and k=0.33 – in the second third of the second day, k=0.50 – in the subsequent time until the first green sprouts appear. After the first green sprouts appear, the vegetation containers are completely opened; also, after the beginning of sprouts, the vegetation containers are exposed to light. Experimental and control samples of seeds are maintained in identical conditions until formation of green mass for 7-15 days, in particular for grain and leguminous crops 10 days are considered to be optimal. On the same day, in each version of the samples, sprouted sprouts are separated from seeds, in particular, the green mass of sprouts is cut off from the root system with seeds remaining in it, the cut sprouts are weighed from each vegetation container and compared with the control ones. Based on this comparison, the most productive version corresponding to the greater value of green mass is selected from all versions of test seeding.

EFFECT: method reduces labour intensity when working with soil samples, reduces time for assessing the agricultural background formed by applying various fertilizers, preliminary detection of efficiency of fertilizers and preparations at the stage of laboratory experiments and reduction of energy consumption during test seeding.

4 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex