FIELD: laser equipment.
SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a nozzle for a plasma torch head, a laser cutting head or a plasma laser cutting head, a structure made of such a nozzle and a protective nozzle cap, a structure made of such a nozzle and an electrode, a plasma torch head, a laser cutting head or a plasma laser cutting head with such a nozzle and/or with such a structure, a plasma torch containing such a plasma torch head, a laser cutting head containing such a nozzle and/or such a structure, a plasma laser cutting head containing such a nozzle and/or such a structure, a plasma cutting method, a laser cutting method and a plasma laser cutting method using them. When a plasma jet exits the nozzle and/or the protective nozzle cap, a high noise load occurs, depending on a cutting jet and a density of a flow in the nozzle and used gases. Human-perceived sound frequencies range from about 20 Hertz to about 20,000 Hertz. High frequencies (> 1000 Hertz) with large amplitudes can have negative effects on health without protective means.
EFFECT: new nozzle geometry gives a better reduction in sound pressure in the relevant frequency band (namely, of the order of values from to 15 dB(A), in particular, for example, from 105-110 dB(A) to 90-95 dB(A) due to the displacement of the nozzle geometry creating noise (an edge of the flow disruption at an outlet of a nozzle channel)); since an edge of a case is located inside the nozzle, sound waves arising from the expansion of a plasma arc and/or a gas jet, on the one hand, are destroyed and also muffled by plasma continuing to come into contact; at the same time, an increase in the service life of the nozzle is achieved due to ensuring that the nozzle structure allows a hot plasma jet to come into contact with the inner surface of a nozzle hole only in the shortest section, in addition, the nozzle is protected from damage by external influences, for example, metal splashes when cutting into material being cut.
42 cl, 21 dwg
