METHOD FOR CULTIVATING RICE ON AGRICULTURAL LAND NOT RELATED TO RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON UNDERGROUND DRIP IRRIGATION UNDER MULCHING FILM Russian patent published in 2022 - IPC A01G22/22 A01G25/06 A01B79/02 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of rice. The method includes growing rice on drip irrigation under a plastic film, preparing seeds, soil and seedlings, controlling irrigation of rice through a drip irrigation system and applying fertilizers. Rice is cultivated on the lands of the irrigated rice fund with underground drip irrigation under plastic and/or biodegradable perforated film. Previously, in the first year of rice cultivation in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor, the main tillage is carried out once to a depth of 0.18-0.22 m, loosening with chisels to a depth of 14-16 cm. Disk is carried out with incorporation of organic fertilizers to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m with an application rate of 40-50 tons per 1 ha of manure or green manure. In the spring of the first year, the laying of the main line and underground hoses and/or drip irrigation tapes is carried out to a depth not higher than the middle of the root system of rice crop rotation crops and the depth of tillage. The step between the water outlets of the underground hose and/or drip irrigation tape is 20 cm, with the diameter and wall thickness of the drip hose and/or tape being 16 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively. The water outflow of the drip hose and/or tape in l/h per 1 m is taken from the condition of providing the required moisture in a given soil layer for crops of rice crop rotation. The distance between the drip hoses and/or tapes is 56 cm. The annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is carried out, including: harrowing with toothed harrows in two tracks to a depth of 0.08 m, leveling and rolling the soil surface; preparation of rice seeds, including their treatment against seed infection and a single pre-sowing treatment with a growth regulator. Pre-planting irrigation before planting rice seedlings is carried out with a norm that provides soil moisture of 90% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.6 m, and the soil surface is treated with soil herbicides. A perforated mulching film is laid on the soil surface, between the strips of which technological passages and passages are made, which are covered with non-woven geosynthetic material. The width of the strips of perforated mulching film and the distance between its strips depends on the technical characteristics of the machinery used for the cultivation of rice and associated crops of the rice crop rotation; at the same time, the condition of soil moistening in the root layer is observed with one underground drip hose and/or a tape of two rows of perforations on the mulch film, in which rice seedlings are planted. The diameter of the perforation is equal to the diameter of a peat pot with a nutrient substrate in which 1 to 4 rice plants are grown, located at a distance of 10 cm from the axis of laying the underground hose and/or drip irrigation tape and 20 cm in a row and between adjacent perforations. Rice seedlings are planted in the perforation of a mulching film in the phase of 6-7 leaves with a green color, a well-developed root system and not infected with pests and diseases, which is sprayed with biologically active substances 1-2 days before planting in open ground. After planting rice seedlings, it is irrigated through an underground drip irrigation system throughout the growing season with the frequency and rate of irrigation, depending on compliance with the condition for ensuring a constant soil moisture of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.4 m. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the amount of 25% of the full rate of mineral fertilizers with two equal rates of N₂₀P₁₀K₅ in kg of r.a./ha in the phase of 8-9 leaves after full establishment and in the tillering phase by fertigation through an underground drip irrigation system. Rice plants are treated with pesticides in the tillering phase, with biologically active substances at the end of the tillering phase before the start of booting, twice with fungicides in the booting phase and again after 20-25 days, with insecticides during the growing season when pests exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness. After ripening, the rice is harvested. Before planting the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, pre-planting irrigation is carried out through an underground drip irrigation system with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, seedlings are planted and/or sowing of the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, followed by their treatment with pesticides, fungicides and insecticides. Irrigation of crops of rice crop rotation is carried out through an underground drip irrigation system during the growing season. After the maturation of the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, they are harvested, after which a mulching perforated film is collected from the soil surface. If a biodegradable mulching film is used, it is left on the soil surface. Deep loosening is carried out to a depth of 0.14-0.16 m, disking with incorporation of organic fertilizers to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m with an application rate of 40-50 tons per 1 ha of manure or green manure, after which the annual spring-autumn technological the cycle of work is repeated.

EFFECT: method provides for an increase in the productivity and quality of biometric indicators of rice crops, an improvement in the reclamation state of soils, a decrease in the irrigation rate and a decrease in the labor intensity of rice production.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl, 1 ex