METHOD FOR CULTIVATING RICE IN BEDS WITH SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION UNDER A MULCHING FILM USING RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Russian patent published in 2022 - IPC A01G22/22 A01G25/02 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method consists in growing rice using drip irrigation under a film, preparing seeds, soil and seedlings, managing rice irrigation through a drip irrigation system and fertilizing. Rice is cultivated on the lands of the rice irrigation fund with drip irrigation under a plastic and/or biodegradable perforated mulching film, previously in the first year of rice cultivation in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor, the peripheral check grooves are cut and restored once with a depth of 0.4-0.6 m, the check surfaces are leveled, the main tillage is carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.30 m, cleaning of irrigation and discharge channels, filling of check rollers to design marks, deep loosening to a depth of 0.2 m, disking with the incorporation of organic fertilizers to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m with a rate of application of 40-50 tons per 1 ha of manure or green fertilizer. In the spring of the first year of the method, harrowing is performed with tooth harrows in two tracks to a depth of 0.08 m. Then the rows are formed by making depressions in the form of inter-row technological passages and passages, which are covered with non-woven geosynthetic material. The size and distance between the rows depend on the technical characteristics of the equipment used for rice cultivation and associated rice crop rotation crops. Next, an annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is carried out, including: restoration of the geometry of rows with loosening to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m of the upper layer of row ridges, rolling the soil of rowe ridges; assembly of a drip irrigation system, including a fertigation system and laying drip tapes on row ridges with a step between water outlets of 10 cm, diameter and wall thickness of the drip tape is 16 mm and 0.15 mm, respectively. The water discharge of the drip tape in liters per hour per 1 m is taken from the condition of ensuring the required humidity in a given soil layer for rice crop rotation crops, while the distance between the drip tapes is 48 cm. Rice seeds are prepared, including their etching against seed infection and a single pre-sowing treatment with a growth regulator, and pre-planting watering before planting rice seedlings is carried out with a norm that ensures soil moisture content of 90% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.6 m, and the soil surface on the ridges of rows is treated with soil herbicides. Next, a plastic and/or biodegradable perforated mulching film is placed on the ridges with a drip tape in compliance with the irrigation conditions of two rows of perforations on a plastic and/or biodegradable perforated mulching film, in which rice seedlings are planted with one drip tape. The diameter of the perforation is equal to the diameter of a peat pot with a nutrient substrate in which 1 to 4 rice plants are grown. The distance from the perforation to the laying axis of the drip tape is 8 cm, and the distance between the perforations in a row and between adjacent rows is 20 cm and 16 cm, respectively. The planting of rice seedlings is carried out in the perforation of a plastic and/or biodegradable perforated mulching film in the phase of 6-7 leaves with green color, a well-developed root system and not infected with pests and diseases, which is sprayed with biologically active substances 1-2 days before planting in the open ground. Then, after planting rice seedlings, it is watered through a drip irrigation system throughout the growing season with a frequency and watering rate depending on compliance with the condition of ensuring constant soil moisture of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.4 m. Mineral fertilizers are applied in an amount of 25% of the total norm of mineral fertilizers with two equal norms of N₂₅P₁₀K_7.5 in 1 kg of active substance per ha in the phase of 8-9 leaves after full survival and in the tillering phase by fertigation through a drip irrigation system. Next, rice plants are treated with pesticides in the tillering phase, biologically active substances at the end of the tillering phase before entering the tube, twice with fungicides in the tube exit phase and again after 20-25 days with insecticides during the growing season when pests exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness. After ripening, rice is harvested. Pre-planting irrigation is carried out before planting accompanying rice crop rotation crops through a drip irrigation system with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, planting seedlings and/or sowing accompanying rice crop rotation crops with subsequent treatment with pesticides, fungicides and insecticides. Then, after the maturation of the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, they are cleaned, followed by a plastic perforated mulching film and drip tapes are collected from the rows. In the case of using a biodegradable perforated mulching film, it is left on the rows. Next, peeling is carried out in two tracks to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m, after which the annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is repeated.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in rice productivity, improvement of the reclamation state of soils and biometric indicators of rice culture, reduction of irrigation norms, reduction of labor intensity and cost of rice production.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl