METHOD FOR CULTIVATING RICE WITH UNDERGROUND DRIP WATERING UNDER MULCHING FILM Russian patent published in 2023 - IPC A01G22/22 A01G25/06 A01B79/02 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to growing rice. Method includes growing rice on drip irrigation under plastic film; preparing seeds, soil, and seedlings; controlling rice irrigation via a drip watering system; and adding fertilisers. Rice is cultivated on lands of the irrigated rice pool on underground drip irrigation under plastic and/or biodegradable perforated film. In the first year of rice cultivation in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor, preliminary cutting and restoration of peripheral check grooves to a depth of 0.4 to 0.6 m, levelling of the check surfaces, basic tillage to a depth of 0.25 to 0.3 m, cleaning of the irrigation and discharge channels, filling of check levees to the design marks, deep loosening to a depth of 0.2 m, disk ploughing with burying organic fertilisers to a depth of 0.1 to 0.12 m with a standard application rate of 40 to 50 t per 1 ha of manure or a green fertiliser are performed once. In the spring of the first year of implementing the method, harrowing is performed with toothed harrows in two tracks to a depth of 0.08 m, then the main line and underground hoses and/or drip watering bands are laid to a depth not higher than the middle of the root system of the crops of rice crop rotation and the depth of tillage. The pitch between the water outlets of the underground hose and/or drip watering band is 33 cm, with the diameter and wall thickness of the drip watering hose and/or band being 16 and 1.2 mm, respectively. The water discharge of the drip watering hose and/or band in l/h per 1 m is taken from the condition of ensuring the required moisture content in the selected soil layer for the crops of rice crop rotation, wherein the distance between the drip watering hoses and/or bands is 24 cm. An annual spring and autumn process work cycle is then performed, including: levelling and rolling down the soil surface; preparing rice seeds, including treatment thereof against seed infection and a one-time pre-sowing treatment with a growth regulator. The pre-planting watering of rice seedlings before planting is performed at a standard rate providing a moisture content of the soil at 90% of the lowest moisture capacity in a 0.6 m layer. The soil surface is treated with soil herbicides. Perforated mulching film is laid on the soil surface, wherein process passages and walkthroughs covered with a non-woven geosynthetic material are made between the strips of said film, wherein the width of the strips of the perforated mulching film and the distance between said strips depend on the technical characteristics of the machinery used for cultivating rice and associated crops of rice crop rotation; wherein the condition of moisturising the soil in the root layer with one underground drip watering hose and/or band of two rows of perforations in the mulching film wherein the rice seedlings are planted is met, wherein the perforation diameter is equal to the diameter of a peat pot with a nutritious substrate, wherein 1 to 3 rice plants are grown, wherein the distance between the perforations in a ridge and between adjacent rows is 6 cm; rice seedlings are then planted in the perforation of the mulching film in the phase of 6–7 green leaves with a well-developed root system and without diseases or pest infestation, sprayed with biologically active substances 1–2 days before planting in the open ground. After planting, the rice seedlings are watered through the drip irrigation system for the entire vegetation period at a frequency and rate of watering depending on whether the condition of ensuring constant moisture content of soil of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in an 0.4 m layer is satisfied, then mineral fertilisers are applied in the amount of 25% of the total normal consumption of mineral fertilisers in two equal norms of N₂₅P₁₀K_7.5 per kg application rate/ha in the phase of 8–9 leaves after full survival and in the tillering phase by fertigation by means of the drip irrigation system, then the rice plants are treated with pesticides in the tillering phase, with biologically active substances at the end of the tillering phase before stem elongation; with fungicides twice in the stem elongation phase, and with insecticides once more after 20—25 days in the vegetation period if pests exceed the economic harmfulness level. Rice is harvested after ripening; pre-planting watering is performed before planting associated crops of rice crop rotation by means of the drip irrigation system, simultaneously adding mineral fertilisers, seedlings are planted, and/or associated crops of rice crop rotation are seeded, followed by treatment thereof with pesticides, fungicides, and insecticides, wherein the crops of rice crop rotation are watered by means of the drip irrigation system in the vegetation period; then associated crops of rice crop rotation are harvested after ripening, followed by removing the perforated mulching film from the ridges, wherein if biodegradable mulching film was used, it is left on the soil surface, then hulling is performed in two tracks to a depth of 0.06 to 0.08 m, followed by repeating the annual spring and autumn process work cycle.

EFFECT: increase in the yield, improvement of the reclamation state of soils and biometric indicators of rice crops, decrease of the normal rate of irrigation and labour intensity of rice production.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl