METHOD FOR RICE CULTIVATION IN ROWS WITH SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION UNDER A MULCHING FILM Russian patent published in 2022 - IPC A01G22/22 A01G25/02 A01B79/02 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of rice. The method includes growing rice using drip irrigation under a plastic film, preparing seeds, soil and seedlings, managing rice irrigation through a drip irrigation system and fertilizing. Rice is cultivated on the lands of the rice irrigation fund with drip irrigation under a plastic and/or biodegradable perforated film. Previously, in the first year of rice cultivation in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor, the peripheral check grooves are cut and restored once with a depth of 0.4-0.6 m, the check surfaces are leveled, the main tillage is carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.30 m, irrigation and discharge channels are cleaned, check rollers are filled to the design marks, deep loosening to a depth of 0.2 m, disking with the embedding of organic fertilizers to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m with a rate of application of 40-50 tons per 1 ha of manure or green fertilizer. In the spring of the first year, harrowing is performed with tooth harrows in two tracks to a depth of 0.08 m, then ridges are formed by making depressions in the form of inter-row technological tracks and passages that are covered with non-woven geosynthetic material. The size and distance between the ridges depend on the technical characteristics of the equipment used for rice cultivation and associated rice crop rotation crops. The annual spring-autumn technological cycle of works includes: restoration of the ridge geometry with loosening of the upper layer of ridge ridges to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m, rolling the soil of ridge ridges; assembly of a drip irrigation system, including a fertigation system and laying drip tapes on ridge ridges with a step between water outlets of 20 cm, diameter and thickness of the walls of the drip tape 16 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the water discharge of the drip tape in liters per hour per 1 m is taken from the condition of ensuring the required humidity in a given soil layer for rice crop rotation crops, while the distance between the drip tapes is 24 cm. Rice seeds are prepared by etching them against seed infection and a single pre-sowing treatment with their growth regulator. Pre-planting watering before planting rice seedlings is carried out with a norm that ensures soil moisture content of 90% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.6 m. The soil surface on the ridges of rows is treated with soil herbicides. A perforated mulching film is placed on the ridges with a drip tape in compliance with the irrigation conditions with one drip tape of two rows of perforations on the mulching film, in which rice seedlings are planted. Moreover, the diameter of the perforation is equal to the diameter of a peat pot with a nutrient substrate in which 1 to 3 rice plants are grown, the distance between the perforations in a row and between adjacent rows is 6 cm. The planting of rice seedlings is carried out in the perforation of the mulching film in the phase of 6-7 leaves with a green color, a well-developed root system and not infected with pests and diseases, which is sprayed with biologically active substances 1-2 days before planting in the open ground. After planting rice seedlings, it is watered through a drip irrigation system throughout the growing season with a frequency and watering rate depending on compliance with the condition of ensuring constant soil moisture of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.4 m. Mineral fertilizers are applied in an amount of 25% of the total norm of mineral fertilizers with two equal norms of N₂₅P₁₀K_7.5 in 1 kg of active substances per ha in the phase of 8-9 leaves after full survival and in the tillering phase by fertigation through a drip irrigation system. Rice plants are treated with pesticides in the tillering phase, biologically active substances at the end of the tillering phase before entering the tube, twice with fungicides in the tube exit phase and again after 20-25 days, insecticides during the growing season when pests exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness. After maturation, rice is harvested, pre-planting irrigation is carried out before planting accompanying rice crop rotation crops through a drip irrigation system with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, planting seedlings and/or sowing accompanying rice crop rotation crops with subsequent treatment with pesticides, fungicides and insecticides. Irrigation of rice crop rotation crops is carried out through a drip irrigation system during the growing season. After the maturation of the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, they are cleaned, followed by a mulching perforated film and drip tapes are collected from the rows. In the case of using a biodegradable mulching film, it is left on the rows. Next, peeling is carried out in two tracks to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m, after which the annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is repeated.

EFFECT: method provides an increase in yield, an improvement in the reclamation state of soils and biometric indicators of rice culture, a reduction in irrigation rates and a reduction in the labor intensity of rice production.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl