METHOD FOR RICE CULTIVATION ON SEEDBEDS WITH UNDERGROUND DRIP IRRIGATION UNDER MULCHING FILM ON RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS Russian patent published in 2022 - IPC A01G22/22 A01G25/06 A01B79/02 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of rice. The method includes growing rice using drip irrigation under a plastic film, preparing seeds, soil and seedlings, managing rice irrigation through a drip irrigation system and fertilizing. Rice is cultivated on the lands of the rice irrigated fund with underground drip irrigation under a plastic and/or biodegradable perforated film. Previously, in the first year of rice cultivation in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor, the peripheral check grooves with a depth of 0.4-0.6 m are cut and restored once, the check surfaces are leveled, the main tillage is carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.30 m, irrigation and discharge channels are cleaned, check rollers are filled to the design marks, deep loosening to a depth of 0.2 m, disking with the embedding of organic fertilizers to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m with a rate of application of 40-50 tons per 1 ha of manure or green fertilizer are carried out. After that, in the spring of the first year, harrowing is performed with tooth harrows in two tracks to a depth of 0.08 m. Then the seedbeds are formed by making depressions in the form of inter-row technological tracks and passages, which are covered with non-woven geosynthetic material. At the same time, the size and distance between the seedbeds depend on the technical characteristics of the equipment used for rice cultivation and associated rice crop rotation crops. The main line and underground hoses and/or drip irrigation tapes are laid to a depth calculated taking into account the height of ridges and the depth of the root system of rice crop rotation crops. At the same time, the depth of laying underground hoses and/or drip irrigation tapes should not be lower than the base of the seedbed and not higher than the middle of the root system of rice crop rotation crops, as well as not higher than the depth of tillage, and the step between the water outlets of underground hoses and/or drip irrigation tapes is 20 cm, and the diameter and thickness of the walls of the underground drip hose and/or tapes are 16 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively. The discharge of an underground drip hose and/or tape in l/h per 1 m is taken from the condition of ensuring the required humidity in a given soil layer for rice crop rotation crops. The distance between the underground drip hoses and/or tapes is 48 cm. Next, an annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is carried out, including: restoration of the geometry of seedbeds with loosening of the upper layer of seedbed ridges to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m, rolling the soil of seedbed ridges, preparation of rice seeds, including their etching against seed infection and a single pre-sowing treatment with a growth regulator. Pre-planting watering before planting rice seedlings is carried out with a norm that ensures soil moisture content of 90% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.6 m. The soil surface on the seedbed ridges is treated with soil herbicides. Next, a perforated mulching film is laid on the seedbeds in compliance with the conditions for moistening the soil in the root layer with one underground drip hose and/or tape of two rows of perforations on the mulching film, in which rice seedlings are planted. The diameter of the perforation is equal to the diameter of a peat pot with a nutrient substrate in which 1 to 4 rice plants are grown. The distance between the perforations in a row and between adjacent rows is 20 cm and 16 cm, respectively. The planting of rice seedlings is carried out in the perforation of the mulching film in the phase of 6-7 leaves with a green color, a well-developed root system and not infected with pests and diseases, which is sprayed with biologically active substances 1-2 days before planting in the open ground. After planting rice seedlings, it is watered through an underground drip irrigation system throughout the growing season with a frequency and watering rate depending on compliance with the condition of ensuring constant soil moisture of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.4 m. Then mineral fertilizers are applied in an amount of 25% of the total norm of mineral fertilizers with two equal norms of N₂₅P₁₀K_7.5 per kg of active ingredients/ha in the phase of 8-9 leaves after full survival and in the tillering phase by fertigation through an underground drip irrigation system. Rice plants are treated with pesticides in the tillering phase, biologically active substances at the end of the tillering phase before booting; twice with fungicides in the booting phase and again after 20-25 days, insecticides during the growing season when pests exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness. After ripening, rice is harvested. Pre-planting irrigation before planting accompanying rice crop rotation crops is carried out through an underground drip irrigation system with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. Planting seedlings and/or sowing of accompanying crops of rice crop rotation is carried out with subsequent treatment with pesticides, fungicides and insecticides. Moreover, irrigation of rice crop rotation crops is carried out through an underground drip irrigation system during the growing season. Then, after the maturation of the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, they are cleaned, after which a mulching perforated film is collected from the seedbeds. Moreover, in the case of using a biodegradable mulching film, it is left on the seedbeds, then peeling is carried out in two traces to a depth of 0.06-0.08 m, after which the annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is repeated.

EFFECT: method provides an increase in productivity, improvement of the reclamation state of soils and biometric indicators of rice culture, reduction of irrigation norms and labor intensity of rice production.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl, 1 ex