METHOD FOR RICE CULTIVATION ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS NOT RELATED TO RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, USING DRIP IRRIGATION UNDER A MULCHING FILM Russian patent published in 2022 - IPC A01G22/22 A01G25/02 A01B79/02 

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of rice. The method includes growing rice using drip irrigation under a plastic film, preparing seeds, soil and seedlings, managing rice irrigation through a drip irrigation system and fertilizing. Rice is cultivated on agricultural lands that are not related to rice irrigation systems, using drip irrigation under plastic and/or biodegradable perforated film. Previously, in the first year of rice cultivation in autumn, after harvesting the predecessor, the main tillage is carried out once to a depth of 0.18-0.22 m. In the spring of the first year, an annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is performed, including: harrowing with tooth harrows in two tracks to a depth of 0.08 m. The leveling and rolling of the soil surface, the assembly of the drip irrigation system, including the fertigation system, and the laying of drip tapes on the soil surface with a step between the water outlets of 10 cm, the diameter and thickness of the walls of the drip tape of 16 mm and 0.15 mm, respectively. The water discharge of the drip tape in l/h per 1 m is taken from the condition of ensuring the required humidity in a given soil layer for rice crop rotation crops. At the same time, the distance between the drip tapes is 56 cm. Rice seeds are prepared, including their etching against seed infection and a single pre-sowing treatment with a growth regulator. Pre-planting watering before planting rice seedlings is carried out with a norm that ensures soil moisture content of 90% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.6 m. The soil surface is treated with soil herbicides, then a perforated mulching film is laid, between the strips of which technological passages and passages are made, which are covered with non-woven geosynthetic material. The width of the perforated mulching film strips and the distance between them depend on the technical characteristics of the equipment used for rice cultivation and associated rice crop rotation crops. The condition of irrigation with one drip tape of two rows of perforations on a mulching film located at a distance of 10 cm from the axis of laying the drip tape, and between the perforations in a row and between adjacent perforations of 20 cm, in which rice seedlings are planted, is observed. The diameter of the perforation is equal to the diameter of a peat pot with a nutrient substrate in which 1 to 4 rice plants are grown. Rice seedlings are planted in the perforation of the mulching film in the phase of 6-7 leaves with a green color, a well-developed root system and not infected with pests and diseases, which is sprayed with biologically active substances 1-2 days before planting in the open ground. After planting rice seedlings, it is watered through a drip irrigation system throughout the growing season with a frequency and watering rate depending on compliance with the condition of ensuring constant soil moisture of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.4 m. Mineral fertilizers are applied in an amount of 25% of the total norm of mineral fertilizers with two equal norms of N₂₀P₁₀K₅ in kg of active substance per ha in the phase of 8-9 leaves after full survival and in the tillering phase by fertigation through a drip irrigation system. Rice plants are treated with pesticides in the tillering phase, biologically active substances at the end of the tillering phase before entering the tube; twice with fungicides in the tube exit phase and again after 20-25 days, insecticides during the growing season when pests exceed the economic threshold of harmfulness. After maturation, rice is harvested, pre-planting irrigation is carried out before planting accompanying rice crop rotation crops through a drip irrigation system with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, planting seedlings and/or sowing accompanying rice crop rotation crops with subsequent treatment with pesticides, fungicides and insecticides. Irrigation of rice crop rotation crops is carried out through a drip irrigation system during the growing season. After the maturation of the accompanying crops of the rice crop rotation, they are cleaned, after which a mulching perforated film and drip tapes are collected from the soil surface. Moreover, in the case of using a biodegradable mulching film, it is left on the soil surface. Deep loosening is carried out to a depth of 0.14-0.16 m, disking with the incorporation of organic fertilizers to a depth of 0.10-0.12 m with a rate of application of 40-50 tons per 1 ha of manure or green fertilizer, after which the annual spring-autumn technological cycle of work is repeated.

EFFECT: method provides an increase in rice productivity, an improvement in the reclamation state of soils and biometric indicators of rice culture, a reduction in irrigation rates and a reduction in the labor intensity of rice production.

1 cl, 6 dwg, 4 tbl