METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID NEOPLASMS Russian patent published in 2019 - IPC C12Q1/6851 C12Q1/686 A61B8/08 

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to endocrine surgery, and can be used for differential diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms. Thyroid ultrasonography is performed, nodal thyroid formations are detected. Puncture biopsy is performed, followed by cystic cytological examination. If the cytological indications are not clear, a molecular-genetic examination is performed, wherein the pre-dried cytological preparation is washed with 200 mcl lysis buffer from the cytological glasses. Further, DNA and microRNA are recovered from cytological preparations of a fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy of thyroid neoplasms using assay kits. Detection and quantitative assessment of the diagnostically significant microRNAs is carried out based on the polymerase chain reaction method with fluorescent recording of the analysis result in real time using the CFX96(Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) thermal cycler. If the HMGA2 values are more than 0.09, microRNA 221 is more than 0.0105 and microRNA 375 more than -12.1213, a follicular tumor with signs of malignancy is determined. If the microRNA-146b values are more than 0.1721, the papillary cancer is determined. If the siRNA-375 values are more than 5.2514, the medullary cancer is determined. Ratio of mitochondrial DNA / nuclear DNA ratio more than 5716.3013 defines B-cell cancer. Presence of the V600 mutation in the BRAF gene determines a papillary cancer and is a risk of high biological aggressiveness of the given papillary cancer and a common process.

EFFECT: method provides reducing the number of unreasonable surgical interventions that can lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life by having specific postoperative complications (laryngeal paresis of about 4–6 % in specialized institutions, up to 20 % in general surgical institutions, postoperative hypoparathyroidism 4–30 %, which can lead to persistent irreversible changes of bone tissue) due to higher reliability of thyroid tumor verification by molecular genetic diagnosis.

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