METHOD FOR COMPLEX PREOPERATIVE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NODULES OF THE THYROID GLAND Russian patent published in 2023 - IPC G01N33/574 G01N33/68 A61B5/00 

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to molecular genetic diagnostics in oncology and can be used in complex preoperative differential diagnosis of the benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules, which determines the choice of treatment tactics for patients. The method includes the following stages: performing a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules under ultrasound control; prepare a classic cytological preparation and a histological preparation from cytological material using the cell block method; carry out an immunocytochemical reaction with the proliferation marker Ki-67 and with the apoptotic marker Fas-R on the cell block. Then the expression levels of Ki-67 and Fas-R markers are measured, and the malignancy index Z is calculated using the formula. When the Z index value is less than 1.1, a low risk of malignant growth of a thyroid nodule is judged. If the Z index value is more than 2.8, a conclusion is drawn about a high risk of malignancy of the thyroid nodule. When the Z index value is in the range of 1.1 - 2.8, an average risk of malignant tumour growth is identified and a repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy is recommended with testing for the presence of the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene in tumour cells, where, if the mutation is present, a conclusion is made about a high risk of malignancy of the nodule.

EFFECT: method provides increased information content and accuracy of differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules at the preoperative stage and allows you to select an adequate treatment method in the patient management algorithm.

1 cl, 4 ex